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The importance of feeding fast when thieves are around: A case study on Whimbrels foraging on a wave‐exposed sandy beach in southern Chile
Prey profitability is one of the most important factors influencing prey selection. This factor varies along with both prey size and handling time. Thus, large prey are generally highly profitable for consumers and boost competition. Kleptoparasitism is a form of competition in which an individual s...
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Published in: | Austral ecology 2024-01, Vol.49 (1), p.n/a |
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description | Prey profitability is one of the most important factors influencing prey selection. This factor varies along with both prey size and handling time. Thus, large prey are generally highly profitable for consumers and boost competition. Kleptoparasitism is a form of competition in which an individual steals food previously obtained by another individual. Accordingly, handling large prey should increase the likelihood of kleptoparasitism occurrence, but these relationships remain poorly understood. Here, we studied kleptoparasitism occurrence by the Brown‐Hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus maculipennis – Laridae) on Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus – Scolopacidae) preying on intertidal Mole Crabs (Emerita analoga) in a wave‐exposed sandy beach in southern Chile. Generalized linear models, fitted to data from focal‐individual video sequences, showed that kleptoparasitism probability had a positive sigmoidal response to handling time. Moreover, with an increase of 1 s in handling time, a Whimbrel doubled its probability of being kleptoparasitized. Additionally, the odds of being kleptoparasitized were 17% higher with an increase of 10 mm in prey length and 47% higher with an increase of one gull per host. However, the effect of handling on kleptoparasitism probability slightly decreased (2%) with an increase of 10 mm in prey size class. Our results suggest the existence of a threshold time in which consumers can handle their prey before kleptoparasitism probability is too high. Nevertheless, Whimbrel's mean intake rate reached 0.15 ± 0.13 kJ s−1, allowing Whimbrels to theoretically meet their energetic requirements despite losing some prey to kleptoparasites. This study provides new insight into a common form of competition among consumers, highlighting the importance of prey handling time for shorebirds with a restricted foraging time driven by tidal cycles. |
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Additionally, the odds of being kleptoparasitized were 17% higher with an increase of 10 mm in prey length and 47% higher with an increase of one gull per host. However, the effect of handling on kleptoparasitism probability slightly decreased (2%) with an increase of 10 mm in prey size class. Our results suggest the existence of a threshold time in which consumers can handle their prey before kleptoparasitism probability is too high. Nevertheless, Whimbrel's mean intake rate reached 0.15 ± 0.13 kJ s−1, allowing Whimbrels to theoretically meet their energetic requirements despite losing some prey to kleptoparasites. 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This factor varies along with both prey size and handling time. Thus, large prey are generally highly profitable for consumers and boost competition. Kleptoparasitism is a form of competition in which an individual steals food previously obtained by another individual. Accordingly, handling large prey should increase the likelihood of kleptoparasitism occurrence, but these relationships remain poorly understood. Here, we studied kleptoparasitism occurrence by the Brown‐Hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus maculipennis – Laridae) on Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus – Scolopacidae) preying on intertidal Mole Crabs (Emerita analoga) in a wave‐exposed sandy beach in southern Chile. Generalized linear models, fitted to data from focal‐individual video sequences, showed that kleptoparasitism probability had a positive sigmoidal response to handling time. Moreover, with an increase of 1 s in handling time, a Whimbrel doubled its probability of being kleptoparasitized. Additionally, the odds of being kleptoparasitized were 17% higher with an increase of 10 mm in prey length and 47% higher with an increase of one gull per host. However, the effect of handling on kleptoparasitism probability slightly decreased (2%) with an increase of 10 mm in prey size class. Our results suggest the existence of a threshold time in which consumers can handle their prey before kleptoparasitism probability is too high. Nevertheless, Whimbrel's mean intake rate reached 0.15 ± 0.13 kJ s−1, allowing Whimbrels to theoretically meet their energetic requirements despite losing some prey to kleptoparasites. This study provides new insight into a common form of competition among consumers, highlighting the importance of prey handling time for shorebirds with a restricted foraging time driven by tidal cycles.</description><subject>Aquatic birds</subject><subject>Beaches</subject><subject>Charadriiformes</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Consumers</subject><subject>Crustaceans</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Generalized linear models</subject><subject>gulls</subject><subject>Handling</subject><subject>handling time</subject><subject>Kleptoparasitism</subject><subject>kleptoparasitism probability</subject><subject>Numenius phaeopus</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>Prey selection</subject><subject>Profitability</subject><subject>Statistical models</subject><subject>Tidal cycles</subject><subject>Tides</subject><issn>1442-9985</issn><issn>1442-9993</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kM1KA0EMxxdRsFYPvkHAk4e2O7NfE2-l-AUFLxWPy-xstrulnakzu629-QAefEafxKkVbwZCQvjlH_IPgksWDpmPkSQ1ZBFHcRT0WBzzASJGx3-9SE6DM-cWYRiKFFkv-JjVBM1qbWwrtSIwFVREZaPnUEnXwrYmDW3d0IYcSEs-TafLGxiDko7AtV25A6PhpW5WhaWlg8pYOd8L-KmErdzQ1_snva2NoxKc1J4vSKoaGg3OdG1NVsOkbpZ0HpxUcuno4rf2g-e729nkYTB9un-cjKcDxTETg0IIRBXyNJUiwlRiViWMMiyiMlFZoWIkoXiIiss0SzhyRpjFBVJEScFTGfWDq4Pu2prXjlybL0xntT-Zc2QijNJMcE9dHyhljXOWqnxtm5W0u5yF-d7s3Jud_5jt2dGB3fo3dv-D-fh2ctj4BsROgiM</recordid><startdate>202401</startdate><enddate>202401</enddate><creator>Morales‐Torres, Diego F.</creator><creator>Valdivia, Nelson</creator><creator>Rodríguez, Sara M.</creator><creator>Navedo, Juan G.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-1792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-917X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-2072</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1855-4170</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202401</creationdate><title>The importance of feeding fast when thieves are around: A case study on Whimbrels foraging on a wave‐exposed sandy beach in southern Chile</title><author>Morales‐Torres, Diego F. ; Valdivia, Nelson ; Rodríguez, Sara M. ; Navedo, Juan G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2978-b8899c0266a8396a97f51e79b3d5c7bc49e8c209c2a6752921e974b9e3e5b26a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aquatic birds</topic><topic>Beaches</topic><topic>Charadriiformes</topic><topic>Competition</topic><topic>Consumers</topic><topic>Crustaceans</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Generalized linear models</topic><topic>gulls</topic><topic>Handling</topic><topic>handling time</topic><topic>Kleptoparasitism</topic><topic>kleptoparasitism probability</topic><topic>Numenius phaeopus</topic><topic>Prey</topic><topic>Prey selection</topic><topic>Profitability</topic><topic>Statistical models</topic><topic>Tidal cycles</topic><topic>Tides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Morales‐Torres, Diego F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valdivia, Nelson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez, Sara M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navedo, Juan G.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Austral ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Morales‐Torres, Diego F.</au><au>Valdivia, Nelson</au><au>Rodríguez, Sara M.</au><au>Navedo, Juan G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The importance of feeding fast when thieves are around: A case study on Whimbrels foraging on a wave‐exposed sandy beach in southern Chile</atitle><jtitle>Austral ecology</jtitle><date>2024-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>1</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>1442-9985</issn><eissn>1442-9993</eissn><abstract>Prey profitability is one of the most important factors influencing prey selection. This factor varies along with both prey size and handling time. Thus, large prey are generally highly profitable for consumers and boost competition. Kleptoparasitism is a form of competition in which an individual steals food previously obtained by another individual. Accordingly, handling large prey should increase the likelihood of kleptoparasitism occurrence, but these relationships remain poorly understood. Here, we studied kleptoparasitism occurrence by the Brown‐Hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus maculipennis – Laridae) on Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus – Scolopacidae) preying on intertidal Mole Crabs (Emerita analoga) in a wave‐exposed sandy beach in southern Chile. Generalized linear models, fitted to data from focal‐individual video sequences, showed that kleptoparasitism probability had a positive sigmoidal response to handling time. Moreover, with an increase of 1 s in handling time, a Whimbrel doubled its probability of being kleptoparasitized. Additionally, the odds of being kleptoparasitized were 17% higher with an increase of 10 mm in prey length and 47% higher with an increase of one gull per host. However, the effect of handling on kleptoparasitism probability slightly decreased (2%) with an increase of 10 mm in prey size class. Our results suggest the existence of a threshold time in which consumers can handle their prey before kleptoparasitism probability is too high. Nevertheless, Whimbrel's mean intake rate reached 0.15 ± 0.13 kJ s−1, allowing Whimbrels to theoretically meet their energetic requirements despite losing some prey to kleptoparasites. 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subjects | Aquatic birds Beaches Charadriiformes Competition Consumers Crustaceans Economics Generalized linear models gulls Handling handling time Kleptoparasitism kleptoparasitism probability Numenius phaeopus Prey Prey selection Profitability Statistical models Tidal cycles Tides |
title | The importance of feeding fast when thieves are around: A case study on Whimbrels foraging on a wave‐exposed sandy beach in southern Chile |
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