Advances in cryostructures and their applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical products

Macroporous-interconnected cryostructures are prepared via a cryo-process, where polymerization and internal crosslinking are primarily conducted at the sub-freezing temperature of the medium. Due to their unique and desirable properties, the potential of cryostructures has been examined in tissue e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany) Germany), 2023-12, Vol.80 (12), p.12491-12538
Main Authors: Babanejad, Niloofar, Mfoafo, Kwadwo, Thumma, Anusha, Omidi, Yadollah, Omidian, Hossein
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocompatibility
Biomolecules
Biosensors
Catalysis
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Complex Fluids and Microfluidics
Crosslinking
Crystallization
Drug delivery systems
Free radicals
Freezing
Hyaluronic acid
Hydrogels
Macromolecules
Manufacturing
Mechanical properties
Organic Chemistry
Pharmaceuticals
Physical Chemistry
Polyethylene glycol
Polymer Sciences
Polymerization
Polymers
Pore size
Review Paper
Soft and Granular Matter
Solvents
Temperature
Tissue engineering
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Summary:Macroporous-interconnected cryostructures are prepared via a cryo-process, where polymerization and internal crosslinking are primarily conducted at the sub-freezing temperature of the medium. Due to their unique and desirable properties, the potential of cryostructures has been examined in tissue engineering, cancer research, drug delivery, and sensors/biosensors. The macroporous cryostructures assist in trafficking cells, and the interconnected macropores provide a favorable environment for attaching cells during transplantation. These properties make such structures a great candidate for the preparation of three-dimensional (3D) systems suitable for the delivery of drugs, cell culture and tissue engineering, successive production of biomolecules, and purification of macromolecules such as proteins. Cryostructures have also been studied to improve the physical, chemical, mechanical, and release properties of controlled-release pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, we provide deep insights into the preparation and characterization of 3D cryostructures, discuss the factors affecting their properties, and elaborate on their contemporary biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
ISSN:0170-0839
1436-2449
DOI:10.1007/s00289-023-04683-y