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Examining the Role of Identity Development and Cultural Stressors in the Establishment of a U.S. Identity Among Hispanic/Latinx College Students
Understanding the processes that guide the development of a U.S. identity (USI) has become an increasingly important task. While a positive USI has been shown to play an important role in psychosocial adjustment, few studies have examined factors that contribute to USI development, particularly amon...
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Published in: | Journal of latinx psychology 2024-08, Vol.12 (3), p.245-260 |
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description | Understanding the processes that guide the development of a U.S. identity (USI) has become an increasingly important task. While a positive USI has been shown to play an important role in psychosocial adjustment, few studies have examined factors that contribute to USI development, particularly among Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults. Addressing this gap, the present study examined the role that personal and ethnic/racial identity (ERI) development and cultural stressors (i.e., discrimination and bicultural stress) play in USI development among 416 Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults (84.3% female; Mage = 20.57 years; SD = 2.38 years). Whereas ERI and personal identity commitment were positively associated with dimensions of USI, discrimination was negatively associated with USI. Furthermore, results found significant interactions between ERI and discrimination, such that at high levels of discrimination, ERI affirmation was more strongly related with USI affirmation and exploration. In contrast, as bicultural stress increased, ERI exploration was less strongly associated with USI exploration. Taken together, these results highlight the important factors contributing to USI development among Hispanic/Latinx populations.
Entender los procesos que guían el desarrollo de una Identidad Estadounidense (USI, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha convertido en una tarea cada vez más importante. Aunque se ha demostrado que una USI positiva desempeña una función importante en el ajuste psicosocial, pocos estudios han examinado los factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de la USI, particularmente entre los adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos. Para atender esta insuficiencia, el estudio actual examinó la función que el desarrollo de la identidad personal y de la Identidad Étnica/Racial (ERI) y los factores estresantes culturales (por ejemplo, la discriminación y el estrés bicultural) desempeñan en el desarrollo de la USI entre 416 adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos (84,3% mujeres; Medad = 20,57 años; SD = 2,38 años). Mientras que la ERI y el compromiso con la identidad personal se asociaron positivamente con las dimensiones de la USI, la discriminación se asoció negativamente con la USI. Además, los resultados encontraron interacciones considerables entre la ERI y la discriminación, de modo que en niveles altos de discriminación, la afirmación (confirmación) de la ERI se relacionó más fuertemente con la afirmación y exploración de la USI. Por el contrario, a medida que aumentaba el e |
doi_str_mv | 10.1037/lat0000252 |
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Entender los procesos que guían el desarrollo de una Identidad Estadounidense (USI, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha convertido en una tarea cada vez más importante. Aunque se ha demostrado que una USI positiva desempeña una función importante en el ajuste psicosocial, pocos estudios han examinado los factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de la USI, particularmente entre los adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos. Para atender esta insuficiencia, el estudio actual examinó la función que el desarrollo de la identidad personal y de la Identidad Étnica/Racial (ERI) y los factores estresantes culturales (por ejemplo, la discriminación y el estrés bicultural) desempeñan en el desarrollo de la USI entre 416 adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos (84,3% mujeres; Medad = 20,57 años; SD = 2,38 años). Mientras que la ERI y el compromiso con la identidad personal se asociaron positivamente con las dimensiones de la USI, la discriminación se asoció negativamente con la USI. Además, los resultados encontraron interacciones considerables entre la ERI y la discriminación, de modo que en niveles altos de discriminación, la afirmación (confirmación) de la ERI se relacionó más fuertemente con la afirmación y exploración de la USI. Por el contrario, a medida que aumentaba el estrés bicultural, la exploración de la ERI se relacionaba menos fuertemente con la exploración de la USI. En conjunto, estos resultados ponen en evidencia los factores importantes que contribuyen al desarrollo de la USI entre las poblaciones hispanas/latinas.
Public Significance Statement
Results from the present study indicated that dimensions of ethnic-racial identity and personal identity commitment were positively associated with dimensions of U.S. identity among Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults. Additionally, discrimination was primarily negatively associated with U.S. identity development. Our findings highlight the complexity of U.S. identity development and the need to further explore this development in Hispanic/Latinx populations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2578-8086</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2578-8094</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/lat0000252</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Educational Publishing Foundation</publisher><subject>College Students ; Emerging Adulthood ; Ethnic Identity ; Female ; Human ; Identity Formation ; Latinos/Latinas ; Male ; Race and Ethnic Discrimination ; Stress ; Student Characteristics</subject><ispartof>Journal of latinx psychology, 2024-08, Vol.12 (3), p.245-260</ispartof><rights>2024 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2024, American Psychological Association</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Flores, Lisa Y</contributor><contributor>Cardemil, Esteban V</contributor><creatorcontrib>Cruz, Bethany</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meca, Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, Allison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veniegas, Taryn K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allison, Kelsie K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santibanez, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scurry, Marissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzales-Backen, Melinda</creatorcontrib><title>Examining the Role of Identity Development and Cultural Stressors in the Establishment of a U.S. Identity Among Hispanic/Latinx College Students</title><title>Journal of latinx psychology</title><description>Understanding the processes that guide the development of a U.S. identity (USI) has become an increasingly important task. While a positive USI has been shown to play an important role in psychosocial adjustment, few studies have examined factors that contribute to USI development, particularly among Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults. Addressing this gap, the present study examined the role that personal and ethnic/racial identity (ERI) development and cultural stressors (i.e., discrimination and bicultural stress) play in USI development among 416 Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults (84.3% female; Mage = 20.57 years; SD = 2.38 years). Whereas ERI and personal identity commitment were positively associated with dimensions of USI, discrimination was negatively associated with USI. Furthermore, results found significant interactions between ERI and discrimination, such that at high levels of discrimination, ERI affirmation was more strongly related with USI affirmation and exploration. In contrast, as bicultural stress increased, ERI exploration was less strongly associated with USI exploration. Taken together, these results highlight the important factors contributing to USI development among Hispanic/Latinx populations.
Entender los procesos que guían el desarrollo de una Identidad Estadounidense (USI, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha convertido en una tarea cada vez más importante. Aunque se ha demostrado que una USI positiva desempeña una función importante en el ajuste psicosocial, pocos estudios han examinado los factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de la USI, particularmente entre los adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos. Para atender esta insuficiencia, el estudio actual examinó la función que el desarrollo de la identidad personal y de la Identidad Étnica/Racial (ERI) y los factores estresantes culturales (por ejemplo, la discriminación y el estrés bicultural) desempeñan en el desarrollo de la USI entre 416 adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos (84,3% mujeres; Medad = 20,57 años; SD = 2,38 años). Mientras que la ERI y el compromiso con la identidad personal se asociaron positivamente con las dimensiones de la USI, la discriminación se asoció negativamente con la USI. Además, los resultados encontraron interacciones considerables entre la ERI y la discriminación, de modo que en niveles altos de discriminación, la afirmación (confirmación) de la ERI se relacionó más fuertemente con la afirmación y exploración de la USI. Por el contrario, a medida que aumentaba el estrés bicultural, la exploración de la ERI se relacionaba menos fuertemente con la exploración de la USI. En conjunto, estos resultados ponen en evidencia los factores importantes que contribuyen al desarrollo de la USI entre las poblaciones hispanas/latinas.
Public Significance Statement
Results from the present study indicated that dimensions of ethnic-racial identity and personal identity commitment were positively associated with dimensions of U.S. identity among Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults. Additionally, discrimination was primarily negatively associated with U.S. identity development. Our findings highlight the complexity of U.S. identity development and the need to further explore this development in Hispanic/Latinx populations.</description><subject>College Students</subject><subject>Emerging Adulthood</subject><subject>Ethnic Identity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Identity Formation</subject><subject>Latinos/Latinas</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Race and Ethnic Discrimination</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Student Characteristics</subject><issn>2578-8086</issn><issn>2578-8094</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkN1KAzEQhRdRULQ3PkHAO6U1yW52s5dS6w8UBGuvQ5qd1Ei6WZOs2Lfwkc22Yudm5sA3Z5iTZZcETwjOq1srI05FGT3Kziir-Jjjujj-n3l5mo1C-BgYwiip-Vn2M_uWG9Oado3iO6BXZwE5jZ4baKOJW3QPX2Bdt0kSybZB097G3kuLFtFDCM4HZNrd6ixEubImvO_Y5CHRcrKYHKzuNi5deTKhk61Rt3MZTfuNps5aWEPy6wcwXGQnWtoAo79-ni0fZm_Tp_H85fF5ejcfS8KLOAaogWmtMGmkLhTLVzXntMk1BoxLpXNFV6SEqigVbxrGdANYNZopVRdJ1Pl5drX37bz77CFE8eF636aTgtaE06oiNUnU9Z5S3oXgQYvOm430W0GwGEIXh9ATfLOHZSdFF7ZK-miUhaB679NvAysIFbmgBct_AY3zhsI</recordid><startdate>202408</startdate><enddate>202408</enddate><creator>Cruz, Bethany</creator><creator>Meca, Alan</creator><creator>Wright, Allison</creator><creator>Veniegas, Taryn K.</creator><creator>Allison, Kelsie K.</creator><creator>Santibanez, Lauren</creator><creator>Scurry, Marissa</creator><creator>Gonzales-Backen, Melinda</creator><general>Educational Publishing Foundation</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202408</creationdate><title>Examining the Role of Identity Development and Cultural Stressors in the Establishment of a U.S. Identity Among Hispanic/Latinx College Students</title><author>Cruz, Bethany ; Meca, Alan ; Wright, Allison ; Veniegas, Taryn K. ; Allison, Kelsie K. ; Santibanez, Lauren ; Scurry, Marissa ; Gonzales-Backen, Melinda</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a184t-ee9e5ffc01daf4c53b9882d3f0e006cf3c2b16e746c8dd55fde0cdf5cc945fd93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>College Students</topic><topic>Emerging Adulthood</topic><topic>Ethnic Identity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Identity Formation</topic><topic>Latinos/Latinas</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Race and Ethnic Discrimination</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Student Characteristics</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cruz, Bethany</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meca, Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, Allison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veniegas, Taryn K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allison, Kelsie K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santibanez, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scurry, Marissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzales-Backen, Melinda</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PsycArticles</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><jtitle>Journal of latinx psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cruz, Bethany</au><au>Meca, Alan</au><au>Wright, Allison</au><au>Veniegas, Taryn K.</au><au>Allison, Kelsie K.</au><au>Santibanez, Lauren</au><au>Scurry, Marissa</au><au>Gonzales-Backen, Melinda</au><au>Flores, Lisa Y</au><au>Cardemil, Esteban V</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Examining the Role of Identity Development and Cultural Stressors in the Establishment of a U.S. Identity Among Hispanic/Latinx College Students</atitle><jtitle>Journal of latinx psychology</jtitle><date>2024-08</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>245</spage><epage>260</epage><pages>245-260</pages><issn>2578-8086</issn><eissn>2578-8094</eissn><abstract>Understanding the processes that guide the development of a U.S. identity (USI) has become an increasingly important task. While a positive USI has been shown to play an important role in psychosocial adjustment, few studies have examined factors that contribute to USI development, particularly among Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults. Addressing this gap, the present study examined the role that personal and ethnic/racial identity (ERI) development and cultural stressors (i.e., discrimination and bicultural stress) play in USI development among 416 Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults (84.3% female; Mage = 20.57 years; SD = 2.38 years). Whereas ERI and personal identity commitment were positively associated with dimensions of USI, discrimination was negatively associated with USI. Furthermore, results found significant interactions between ERI and discrimination, such that at high levels of discrimination, ERI affirmation was more strongly related with USI affirmation and exploration. In contrast, as bicultural stress increased, ERI exploration was less strongly associated with USI exploration. Taken together, these results highlight the important factors contributing to USI development among Hispanic/Latinx populations.
Entender los procesos que guían el desarrollo de una Identidad Estadounidense (USI, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha convertido en una tarea cada vez más importante. Aunque se ha demostrado que una USI positiva desempeña una función importante en el ajuste psicosocial, pocos estudios han examinado los factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de la USI, particularmente entre los adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos. Para atender esta insuficiencia, el estudio actual examinó la función que el desarrollo de la identidad personal y de la Identidad Étnica/Racial (ERI) y los factores estresantes culturales (por ejemplo, la discriminación y el estrés bicultural) desempeñan en el desarrollo de la USI entre 416 adultos jóvenes hispanos/latinos (84,3% mujeres; Medad = 20,57 años; SD = 2,38 años). Mientras que la ERI y el compromiso con la identidad personal se asociaron positivamente con las dimensiones de la USI, la discriminación se asoció negativamente con la USI. Además, los resultados encontraron interacciones considerables entre la ERI y la discriminación, de modo que en niveles altos de discriminación, la afirmación (confirmación) de la ERI se relacionó más fuertemente con la afirmación y exploración de la USI. Por el contrario, a medida que aumentaba el estrés bicultural, la exploración de la ERI se relacionaba menos fuertemente con la exploración de la USI. En conjunto, estos resultados ponen en evidencia los factores importantes que contribuyen al desarrollo de la USI entre las poblaciones hispanas/latinas.
Public Significance Statement
Results from the present study indicated that dimensions of ethnic-racial identity and personal identity commitment were positively associated with dimensions of U.S. identity among Hispanic/Latinx emerging adults. Additionally, discrimination was primarily negatively associated with U.S. identity development. Our findings highlight the complexity of U.S. identity development and the need to further explore this development in Hispanic/Latinx populations.</abstract><pub>Educational Publishing Foundation</pub><doi>10.1037/lat0000252</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | College Students Emerging Adulthood Ethnic Identity Female Human Identity Formation Latinos/Latinas Male Race and Ethnic Discrimination Stress Student Characteristics |
title | Examining the Role of Identity Development and Cultural Stressors in the Establishment of a U.S. Identity Among Hispanic/Latinx College Students |
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