Loading…
A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists
Purpose Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO 2 ) as a performance factor in endurance athletes. The objective of this study is to delimit metabolic thresholds relative to maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) using SmO 2 in cyclists. Methods Forty-eight cyc...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Sport sciences for health 2023-09, Vol.19 (3), p.919-927 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-d643e7dc415769640d0f08ebe6902ba16e29f8a585ee220d9daf73e73d78629e3 |
|---|---|
| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-d643e7dc415769640d0f08ebe6902ba16e29f8a585ee220d9daf73e73d78629e3 |
| container_end_page | 927 |
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | 919 |
| container_title | Sport sciences for health |
| container_volume | 19 |
| creator | Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A. González-Custodio, Adrián Timón, Rafael Olcina, Guillermo |
| description | Purpose
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO
2
) as a performance factor in endurance athletes. The objective of this study is to delimit metabolic thresholds relative to maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) using SmO
2
in cyclists.
Methods
Forty-eight cyclists performed a graded incremental test (GTX) (100 W-warm-up followed by 30 W min) until exhaustion. SmO
2
was measured with a portable NIRS placed on the vastus lateralis. Subjects were classified by VO
2
max levels with a scale from 2 to 5: L2 = 45–54.9, L3 = 55–64.9, L4 = 65–71, L5 = > 71, which represent recreationally trained, trained, well-trained, and professional, respectively. Then, metabolic thresholds were determined: Fatmax zone, functional threshold power (FTP), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal aerobic power (MAP). In addition, power output%, heart rate%, VO
2
%, carbohydrate and fat consumption to cutoff SmO
2
point relative to MMSS were obtained.
Results
A greater SmO
2
decrease was found in cyclists with > 55 VO
2
max (L3, L4 and L5) vs. cyclists (L2) in the MMSS. Likewise, after passing FTP and RCP, performance is dependent on better muscle oxygen extraction. Furthermore, the MMSS was defined at 27% SmO
2
, where a non-steady state begins during exercise in trained cyclists.
Conclusion
A new indicator has been provided for trained cyclists, |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11332-022-00985-2 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2918596332</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2918596332</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-d643e7dc415769640d0f08ebe6902ba16e29f8a585ee220d9daf73e73d78629e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhosouK7-AU8Bz9V8NGlzXBa_YGEv6jWkzXTN0qZrkpXtvze7Fbx5GGYI7zNhniy7JfieYFw-BEIYozmmqbCseE7PshmpKM8JZcX5aS7yspD4MrsKYYsxF5zLWbZfoJ0fdkPQHYoDsgZctO2I4iegXh9sn957iLoeOtugEEGbMTUdAdUj6veh6QANh3EDTkc7OKSdQR9rmljUwTd0AVmHotfWgUHN2HQ2xHCdXbS6C3Dz2-fZ-9Pj2_IlX62fX5eLVd4wwWJuRMGgNE1BeCmkKLDBLa6gBiExrTURQGVbaV5xAEqxkUa3ZSKYKStBJbB5djftTTd-7SFEtR323qUvFZWk4lIkaylFp1TjhxA8tGrn0-F-VASro1416VVJrzrpVUeITVBIYbcB_7f6H-oHm2N-rQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2918596332</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A. ; González-Custodio, Adrián ; Timón, Rafael ; Olcina, Guillermo</creator><creatorcontrib>Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A. ; González-Custodio, Adrián ; Timón, Rafael ; Olcina, Guillermo</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO
2
) as a performance factor in endurance athletes. The objective of this study is to delimit metabolic thresholds relative to maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) using SmO
2
in cyclists.
Methods
Forty-eight cyclists performed a graded incremental test (GTX) (100 W-warm-up followed by 30 W min) until exhaustion. SmO
2
was measured with a portable NIRS placed on the vastus lateralis. Subjects were classified by VO
2
max levels with a scale from 2 to 5: L2 = 45–54.9, L3 = 55–64.9, L4 = 65–71, L5 = > 71, which represent recreationally trained, trained, well-trained, and professional, respectively. Then, metabolic thresholds were determined: Fatmax zone, functional threshold power (FTP), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal aerobic power (MAP). In addition, power output%, heart rate%, VO
2
%, carbohydrate and fat consumption to cutoff SmO
2
point relative to MMSS were obtained.
Results
A greater SmO
2
decrease was found in cyclists with > 55 VO
2
max (L3, L4 and L5) vs. cyclists (L2) in the MMSS. Likewise, after passing FTP and RCP, performance is dependent on better muscle oxygen extraction. Furthermore, the MMSS was defined at 27% SmO
2
, where a non-steady state begins during exercise in trained cyclists.
Conclusion
A new indicator has been provided for trained cyclists, < 27% SmO
2
as a cut-off to define the MMSS Zone. This is the intensity for which the athlete can sustain 1 h of exercise under quasi-steady state conditions without fatiguing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1824-7490</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1825-1234</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00985-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Milan: Springer Milan</publisher><subject>Bicycling ; Endurance ; Exercise ; Heart rate ; Human Physiology ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Metabolism ; Original Article ; Oxidation ; Oxygen saturation ; Physiology ; Sensors ; Software ; Sports Medicine ; Training ; Triathlon ; Workloads</subject><ispartof>Sport sciences for health, 2023-09, Vol.19 (3), p.919-927</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-d643e7dc415769640d0f08ebe6902ba16e29f8a585ee220d9daf73e73d78629e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-d643e7dc415769640d0f08ebe6902ba16e29f8a585ee220d9daf73e73d78629e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5319-086X ; 0000-0002-8256-0882 ; 0000-0002-8287-2149 ; 0000-0002-2187-0465</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Custodio, Adrián</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timón, Rafael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olcina, Guillermo</creatorcontrib><title>A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists</title><title>Sport sciences for health</title><addtitle>Sport Sci Health</addtitle><description>Purpose
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO
2
) as a performance factor in endurance athletes. The objective of this study is to delimit metabolic thresholds relative to maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) using SmO
2
in cyclists.
Methods
Forty-eight cyclists performed a graded incremental test (GTX) (100 W-warm-up followed by 30 W min) until exhaustion. SmO
2
was measured with a portable NIRS placed on the vastus lateralis. Subjects were classified by VO
2
max levels with a scale from 2 to 5: L2 = 45–54.9, L3 = 55–64.9, L4 = 65–71, L5 = > 71, which represent recreationally trained, trained, well-trained, and professional, respectively. Then, metabolic thresholds were determined: Fatmax zone, functional threshold power (FTP), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal aerobic power (MAP). In addition, power output%, heart rate%, VO
2
%, carbohydrate and fat consumption to cutoff SmO
2
point relative to MMSS were obtained.
Results
A greater SmO
2
decrease was found in cyclists with > 55 VO
2
max (L3, L4 and L5) vs. cyclists (L2) in the MMSS. Likewise, after passing FTP and RCP, performance is dependent on better muscle oxygen extraction. Furthermore, the MMSS was defined at 27% SmO
2
, where a non-steady state begins during exercise in trained cyclists.
Conclusion
A new indicator has been provided for trained cyclists, < 27% SmO
2
as a cut-off to define the MMSS Zone. This is the intensity for which the athlete can sustain 1 h of exercise under quasi-steady state conditions without fatiguing.</description><subject>Bicycling</subject><subject>Endurance</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Oxygen saturation</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Sports Medicine</subject><subject>Training</subject><subject>Triathlon</subject><subject>Workloads</subject><issn>1824-7490</issn><issn>1825-1234</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhosouK7-AU8Bz9V8NGlzXBa_YGEv6jWkzXTN0qZrkpXtvze7Fbx5GGYI7zNhniy7JfieYFw-BEIYozmmqbCseE7PshmpKM8JZcX5aS7yspD4MrsKYYsxF5zLWbZfoJ0fdkPQHYoDsgZctO2I4iegXh9sn957iLoeOtugEEGbMTUdAdUj6veh6QANh3EDTkc7OKSdQR9rmljUwTd0AVmHotfWgUHN2HQ2xHCdXbS6C3Dz2-fZ-9Pj2_IlX62fX5eLVd4wwWJuRMGgNE1BeCmkKLDBLa6gBiExrTURQGVbaV5xAEqxkUa3ZSKYKStBJbB5djftTTd-7SFEtR323qUvFZWk4lIkaylFp1TjhxA8tGrn0-F-VASro1416VVJrzrpVUeITVBIYbcB_7f6H-oHm2N-rQ</recordid><startdate>20230901</startdate><enddate>20230901</enddate><creator>Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A.</creator><creator>González-Custodio, Adrián</creator><creator>Timón, Rafael</creator><creator>Olcina, Guillermo</creator><general>Springer Milan</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-086X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-0882</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-2149</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-0465</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230901</creationdate><title>A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists</title><author>Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A. ; González-Custodio, Adrián ; Timón, Rafael ; Olcina, Guillermo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-d643e7dc415769640d0f08ebe6902ba16e29f8a585ee220d9daf73e73d78629e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Bicycling</topic><topic>Endurance</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Oxygen saturation</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Sports Medicine</topic><topic>Training</topic><topic>Triathlon</topic><topic>Workloads</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Custodio, Adrián</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timón, Rafael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olcina, Guillermo</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Sport sciences for health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A.</au><au>González-Custodio, Adrián</au><au>Timón, Rafael</au><au>Olcina, Guillermo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists</atitle><jtitle>Sport sciences for health</jtitle><stitle>Sport Sci Health</stitle><date>2023-09-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>919</spage><epage>927</epage><pages>919-927</pages><issn>1824-7490</issn><eissn>1825-1234</eissn><abstract>Purpose
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO
2
) as a performance factor in endurance athletes. The objective of this study is to delimit metabolic thresholds relative to maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) using SmO
2
in cyclists.
Methods
Forty-eight cyclists performed a graded incremental test (GTX) (100 W-warm-up followed by 30 W min) until exhaustion. SmO
2
was measured with a portable NIRS placed on the vastus lateralis. Subjects were classified by VO
2
max levels with a scale from 2 to 5: L2 = 45–54.9, L3 = 55–64.9, L4 = 65–71, L5 = > 71, which represent recreationally trained, trained, well-trained, and professional, respectively. Then, metabolic thresholds were determined: Fatmax zone, functional threshold power (FTP), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal aerobic power (MAP). In addition, power output%, heart rate%, VO
2
%, carbohydrate and fat consumption to cutoff SmO
2
point relative to MMSS were obtained.
Results
A greater SmO
2
decrease was found in cyclists with > 55 VO
2
max (L3, L4 and L5) vs. cyclists (L2) in the MMSS. Likewise, after passing FTP and RCP, performance is dependent on better muscle oxygen extraction. Furthermore, the MMSS was defined at 27% SmO
2
, where a non-steady state begins during exercise in trained cyclists.
Conclusion
A new indicator has been provided for trained cyclists, < 27% SmO
2
as a cut-off to define the MMSS Zone. This is the intensity for which the athlete can sustain 1 h of exercise under quasi-steady state conditions without fatiguing.</abstract><cop>Milan</cop><pub>Springer Milan</pub><doi>10.1007/s11332-022-00985-2</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-086X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-0882</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-2149</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-0465</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1824-7490 |
| ispartof | Sport sciences for health, 2023-09, Vol.19 (3), p.919-927 |
| issn | 1824-7490 1825-1234 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2918596332 |
| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Bicycling Endurance Exercise Heart rate Human Physiology Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolism Original Article Oxidation Oxygen saturation Physiology Sensors Software Sports Medicine Training Triathlon Workloads |
| title | A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-04T04%3A50%3A49IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20proposal%20to%20identify%20the%20maximal%20metabolic%20steady%20state%20by%20muscle%20oxygenation%20and%20VO2max%20levels%20in%20trained%20cyclists&rft.jtitle=Sport%20sciences%20for%20health&rft.au=Vasquez-Bonilla,%20Aldo%20A.&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=919&rft.epage=927&rft.pages=919-927&rft.issn=1824-7490&rft.eissn=1825-1234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11332-022-00985-2&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2918596332%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-d643e7dc415769640d0f08ebe6902ba16e29f8a585ee220d9daf73e73d78629e3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2918596332&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |