Progress of quantum molecular dynamics model and its applications in heavy ion collisions

In this review article, we first briefly introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies. The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model (ImQMD) and ultra-relativistic quantum molecu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers of physics 2020-10, Vol.15 (5), p.54301, Article 54301
Main Authors: Zhang, Ying-Xun, Wang, Ning, Li, Qing-Feng, Ou, Li, Tian, Jun-Long, Liu, Min, Zhao, Kai, Wu, Xi-Zhen, Li, Zhu-Xia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Astronomy
Astrophysics and Cosmology
Asymmetry
Atomic
collective flow
Condensed Matter Physics
Constraint modelling
Cross-sections
Energy
Equations of state
fusion
Heavy ions
in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections
Ionic collisions
isospin asymmetric equation of state
low energy heavy ion collisions
low-intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
Molecular
Molecular dynamics
multifragmentation
multinucleon transfer reaction
Neutrons
Nuclear physics
Nucleons
Optical and Plasma Physics
Particle and Nuclear Physics
Particle production
Phase transitions
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
quantum molecular dynamics model
Reaction mechanisms
Review Article
Symmetry
Transport theory
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Summary:In this review article, we first briefly introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies. The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model (ImQMD) and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model (UrQMD), are reviewed. The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion, multinucleon transfer, fragmentation, collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models. The constraints on the isospin asymmetric nuclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed, and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism, the descriptions of various observables, the constraint on the nuclear equation of state, as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.
ISSN:2095-0462
2095-0470
DOI:10.1007/s11467-020-0961-9