Epigenetics in the Central Nervous System

Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations to the genome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA synthesis are important mechanisms underlying several physiological and pathological processes in brain. In this review, we introduce the reader to epigenetic mechanis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current geriatrics reports 2012-12, Vol.1 (4), p.190-198
Main Authors: Anier, Kaili, Kalda, Anti
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictive behaviors
Cell cycle
DNA methylation
Enzymes
Epigenetics
From Genetics to Epigenetics: Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders (P Jin
Gene expression
Genomes
Geriatrics/Gerontology
Kinases
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neurology
Neurosciences
Pain Medicine
Phosphorylation
Proteins
Psychopharmacology
Rheumatology
Section Editor
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Summary:Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations to the genome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA synthesis are important mechanisms underlying several physiological and pathological processes in brain. In this review, we introduce the reader to epigenetic mechanisms and describe a potential role for dynamic epigenetic changes in memory formation, aging, and mediating addictive behaviors via long-lasting changes in gene expression. We also discuss evidence for a “histone code” in the central nervous system that mediates synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Collectively, the current rapid growth in epigenetic research could potentially revolutionize our understanding of the molecular changes associated with several neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that alteration of the histone modification and/or the DNA methylation might prove to be potent candidates for therapeutic interventions.
ISSN:2196-7865
2196-7865
DOI:10.1007/s13670-012-0024-3