Optimization and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Sweeteners in Beverages by HPLC-ELSD

• Published in: Food analytical methods 2024-02, Vol.17 (2), p.207-225
• Main Authors: de Sousa, Roberto Cesar Santos, de Fatima Gomides, Maria, Costa, Karen, Ribeiro Cunha, Mariem R., de Oliveira Almeida, Mariana, Custódio, Flavia B., Gloria, Maria Beatriz A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alcoholic beverages; Analytical Chemistry; Aspartame; Beverages; Carbonation; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chemistry/Food Science; Figure of merit; Food Science; Formic acid; High performance liquid chromatography; Light scattering; Liquid chromatography; Microbiology; Recovery; Saccharin; Soft drinks; Sucralose; Sweeteners; Triethylamine; Urban areas; Water purification
• ISSN: 1936-9751; 1936-976X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02562-w

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) was optimized for the simultaneous determination of non-caloric sweeteners—NCS (acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamic acid, neotame, saccharin, and sucralose) in non-alcoholic beverages. The procedure involved a simple dilute-and-shoot extraction of the six NCS with a formic acid/triethylamine/water solution and filtration (0.22 μm) followed by an HPLC–ELSD analysis. Validation steps included regression of the analytical curve, recovery, repeatability, and intermediate precision (relative standard deviation—RSD and RSDip, respectively), and limits of quantification and detection (LOQ and LOD, respectively). The method allowed lower consumption of solvents in a 35-min run. The figures of merit were satisfactory for all sweeteners ( r 2 ≥ 0.99; recovery from 99.0 to 101%; RSD and RSDip both < 1.0; LOQ ≤ 4.0 μg/mL; LOD ≤ 1.33 μg/mL). The method was used in the analysis of NCS in 64 non-alcoholic beverages from the market. NCS were not detected in 19 samples that did not declare their use. Higher concentrations of aspartame were found in carbonated soft drinks (7.97 mg/100 mL) and powdered drinks (22.46 mg/100 mL), while nectars had higher levels of acesulfame-K (8.69 mg/100 mL) and sports drinks only had sucralose (1.66 mg/100 mL). The concentrations found were 54.1 up to 194.0% of declared levels. The estimated daily intake of NCS in non-alcoholic beverages by the Brazilian population indicated that men, adolescents, residents of urban areas, and inhabitants of the southern region are the most widely exposed to NCS, but the risk is characterized as low.