Impression of partial replacement of Fe3+ by Sn4+ ion on structural and magnetic features of NiCuZn nanospinel ferrites

• Published in: Applied nanoscience 2024, Vol.14 (1), p.241-249
• Main Authors: Slimani, Y., Almessiere, M. A., Baykal, A., Korkmaz, A. Demir, Auwal, I. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anisotropy; Chemistry and Materials Science; Coercivity; Crystallites; Domain walls; Ferrites; Ferromagnetism; Magnetic saturation; Materials Science; Membrane Biology; Nanochemistry; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Original Article; Sol-gel processes; Tin
• ISSN: 2190-5509; 2190-5517
• DOI: 10.1007/s13204-023-02974-4

In the current study, Ni 0.4 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.4 Fe 2−4x Sn 3x O 4 (Sn → NiCuZn) (x ≤ 0.10) nanospinel ferrites (NSFs) have been fabricated by a citrate sol–gel approach, and their structure, morphology, and magnetic features were investigated via XRD, SEM with EDX, HR-TEM, TEM, and VSM, respectively. Their cubic spinel phase was endorsed from their Rietveld refinement. The products’ D XRD (crystallite sizes) were estimated within the 36–69 nm range. The 10 and 300 K magnetization measurements show ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic behaviors, respectively. The saturation magnetization (M s ) decreases at both temperatures with increasing Sn ratio up to x  = 0.06 into the lattice of NSFs but thereafter rises with the additional rise of Sn ratio from 0.06 to 0.10. The alterations of M s values with Sn substitution have been deliberated via cation redistribution, and changes in the anisotropy constant. H c value at 10 K almost initially increased for lower Sn content and then decreased at higher Sn content. The coercivity is in reverse proportionality to the particle/crystallite size and domain wall movement of ferromagnetism.