Reduced graphene oxide derived from urea-assisted solution combustion route and its electrochemical performance

• Published in: Bulletin of materials science 2022-08, Vol.45 (3), p.170, Article 170
• Main Authors: Kumar, G Pradeep, Krishnan, Pinku, Arsha, M S, Jawahar, I N, Biju, V
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Capacitance; Carbon black; Chemical vapor deposition; Chemistry and Materials Science; Combustion; Current density; Electrical resistivity; Electrochemical analysis; Electrodes; Electron micrographs; Electrons; Engineering; Fourier transforms; Functional groups; Graphene; Graphite; Infrared radiation; Materials Science; Methods; Oxidation; Oxygen; Particle size; Photoelectrons; Potassium; Raman spectroscopy; Sensors; Spectrum analysis; Ureas; Vibration mode; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
• ISSN: 0973-7669; 0250-4707; 0973-7669
• DOI: 10.1007/s12034-022-02751-z

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized from graphite oxide through urea-assisted solution combustion route. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a decrease in the interplanar spacing (d 002 ) value from 8.14 to 3.44 Å on combustion due to reduction. Number of graphitic layers decreases from 58 to 9 on combustion indicating efficient exfoliation. Scanning electron micrographs reveal substantial reduction in the lateral dimension of graphitic planes from greater than ~1μm to less than ~380 nm. Raman spectroscopy studies indicate an enhancement of defects in the rGO with an I D / I G ratio of 1.19. Diminishing intensity of vibrational modes of different oxygen functional groups in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum and higher carbon to oxygen ratio of 12.13 from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate excellent reduction. N1s X-ray photoelectron spectrum confirms nitrogen doping. Electrical conductivity of rGO is 38 S m −1 . The sample as an active material in a three-electrode configuration with 6 M KOH electrolyte exhibits a capacitance of 75.1 F g −1  at a current density of 0.1 A g −1 , and 63% of it is retained even at a current density of 10 A g −1 . It also exhibits 103% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles.