Revitalizing Chlorine–Based Batteries for Low–Cost and High–Performance Energy Storage

• Published in: Advanced energy materials 2024-02, Vol.14 (5), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Yuan, Bin, Xu, Qiuchen, Zhao, Xiaoju, Geng, Shitao, Tang, Shanshan, Zhang, Chengxiao, Sun, Hao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chlorine; chlorine-based battery; Electric vehicles; Electrochemical analysis; Electrolytes; Energy storage; high abundance; high energy density; low cost; Rechargeable batteries
• ISSN: 1614-6832; 1614-6840
• DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202303127

Rechargeable batteries with higher energy densities and sustainability have been intensively pursued in the past decades, driven by the wide applications such as electric vehicle industry and grid energy storage. As an ancient battery system born ≈140 years ago, chlorine (Cl)–based batteries have been actively revisited in recent years, because of their impressive electrochemical performance with the low–cost and sustainable features, making them highly attractive candidates for energy storage applications. In this Perspective, the historical development of Cl–based batteries is reviewed at first, focusing on the progresses in new battery chemistries enabled by various Cl–based electrolytes. An emphasis is then placed on the unique cathode and anode chemistries enabled by rational regulation of Cl–based electrolytes. At last, the challenges and prospects, particularly the obstacles for real–world applications of state–of–the–art Cl–based batteries are introduced. With a long history spanning nearly one and a half centuries, the progresses and prospects of chlorine–based batteries have been reviewed in this Perspective. An emphasis is placed on the unique cathode and anode chemistries enabled by rational regulation of Cl–based electrolytes. In‐depth discussions on the challenges and prospects of this classic yet emerging field are also included.