Judging under Public Pressure

We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for “subjective decisions” with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for “objective decisions.” The bias is strengthened after a judge's e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The review of economics and statistics 2024-01, Vol.106 (1), p.151-166
Main Authors: Cohen, Alma, Neeman, Zvika, Auferoth, Florian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bias
COVID-19
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Summary:We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for “subjective decisions” with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for “objective decisions.” The bias is strengthened after a judge's error against the crowd and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees' decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assistance Refereeing (VAR) and COVID-19, both crowd pressure and the likelihood of errors vary.
ISSN:0034-6535
1530-9142
DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01141