Predicting the Accumulation of Ionizable Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms

The extent to which chemicals bioaccumulate in aquatic and terrestrial organisms represents a fundamental consideration for chemicals management efforts intended to protect public health and the environment from pollution and waste. Many chemicals, including most pharmaceuticals and personal care pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2024-03, Vol.43 (3), p.502-512
Main Authors: Carter, Laura J, Armitage, James M, Brooks, Bryan W, Nichols, John W, Trapp, Stefan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Aquatic Organisms - metabolism
Bioaccumulation
Biotransformation
Chemical wastewater
Chemicals
Consumer products
Contaminants
Cosmetics
Ecotoxicology
Fishes - metabolism
Mathematical models
Membrane permeability
Models, Theoretical
Organic chemicals
Organic chemistry
Personal grooming
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pharmaceuticals
Public health
Questions
Risk assessment
Toxicology
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
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Summary:The extent to which chemicals bioaccumulate in aquatic and terrestrial organisms represents a fundamental consideration for chemicals management efforts intended to protect public health and the environment from pollution and waste. Many chemicals, including most pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), are ionizable across environmentally relevant pH gradients, which can affect their fate in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Existing mathematical models describe the accumulation of neutral organic chemicals and weak acids and bases in both fish and plants. Further model development is hampered, however, by a lack of mechanistic insights for PPCPs that are predominantly or permanently ionized. Targeted experiments across environmentally realistic conditions are needed to address the following questions: (1) What are the partitioning and sorption behaviors of strongly ionizing chemicals among species? (2) How does membrane permeability of ions influence bioaccumulation of PPCPs? (3) To what extent are salts and associated complexes with PPCPs influencing bioaccumulation? (4) How do biotransformation and other elimination processes vary within and among species? (5) Are bioaccumulation modeling efforts currently focused on chemicals and species with key data gaps and risk profiles? Answering these questions promises to address key sources of uncertainty for bioaccumulation modeling of ionizable PPCPs and related contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:502-512. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.5451