Pharmacogenomics as a Tool for Management of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions

Purpose of review Drug hypersensitivity reactions constitute an unpredictable, serious problem for health care systems as they interfere with drug treatment, limit therapeutic options, and may be life-threatening. In addition to specific patient factors, they are also influenced by a genetic compone...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current treatment options in allergy 2019-03, Vol.6 (1), p.1-17
Main Authors: Pérez-Sánchez, Natalia, Jurado-Escobar, Raquel, Doña, Inmaculada, Soriano-Gomis, Víctor, Moreno-Aguilar, Carmen, Bartra, Joan, Isidoro-García, María, Torres, María José, Cornejo-García, José Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
Allergies
Allergology
Allopurinol
Antibodies
Apoptosis
Carbamazepine
Cytokines
Drug Allergy (L Mayorga
Drug dosages
Family Medicine
General Practice
Genes
Genetic diversity
Genetic markers
Genetic testing
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
Hypersensitivity (immediate)
Immunology
Lymphocytes
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Pharmacogenomics
Proteins
Section Editor
Side effects
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
T cell receptors
Topical Collection on Drug Allergy
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
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Summary:Purpose of review Drug hypersensitivity reactions constitute an unpredictable, serious problem for health care systems as they interfere with drug treatment, limit therapeutic options, and may be life-threatening. In addition to specific patient factors, they are also influenced by a genetic component. Indeed, a considerable body of knowledge supports the participation of genetic variants in their underlying mechanisms. Recent findings Latest research on this topic confirms the involvement of specific HLA alleles in non-immediate reactions. Two well-known examples are the HLA-B*58:01 allele in severe allopurinol-triggered reactions, and the HLA-B*15:02 allele in carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. However, there is a lack of reliable genetic markers for immediate reactions and for hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Summary We summarize available information on the genetics of drug hypersensitivity reactions, highlighting regulatory agencies recommendations when available. We include some comments about new technological tools that should be implemented in the study of these reactions.
ISSN:2196-3053
2196-3053
DOI:10.1007/s40521-019-0199-3