Segmenting foreground objects in a multi-modal background using modified Z-score

This article presents a background subtraction method to detect moving objects across a stationary camera view. A hybrid pixel representation is presented to minimize the effect of shadow illumination. A non-recursive background model is developed to address the problem with gradual illumination cha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of ambient intelligence and humanized computing 2024-02, Vol.15 (2), p.1213-1227
Main Authors: Choudhury, Suman Kumar, Sa, Pankaj Kumar, Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond, Bakshi, Sambit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Artificial Intelligence
Background noise
Bandwidths
Computational Intelligence
Crime prevention
Engineering
Figure of merit
Illumination
Moving object recognition
Original Research
Pixels
Relocation
Robotics and Automation
Surveillance
User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction
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Summary:This article presents a background subtraction method to detect moving objects across a stationary camera view. A hybrid pixel representation is presented to minimize the effect of shadow illumination. A non-recursive background model is developed to address the problem with gradual illumination change. Modified Z-score labeling is employed to analyze the sample variation of the temporal sequence to build a multi-modal background. The same measure is further applied to detect the foreground pixels against the stationary background classes. Morphological filtering is employed to suppress the sensor noise as well as to fill the camouflage holes. A decision rule is formulated that considers the period of being stationary of a foreground object and the period of being absence of a background class to tackle the object relocation problem. The proposed approach along with nine other state-of-the-art methods are compared on various image sequences taken from the Wallflower and the I2R datasets in terms of recall, precision, figure of merit, and percentage of correct classification. The tabular results, as well as the obtained figures demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme over its counterparts.
ISSN:1868-5137
1868-5145
DOI:10.1007/s12652-017-0480-x