Effect of Mineral Fertilizers on Nitrogen Accumulation in Oat Grains and Straw in the Trans-Ural Forest–Steppe

• Published in: Russian agricultural sciences 2023, Vol.49 (Suppl 2), p.S239-S247
• Main Authors: Moiseeva, M. N., Eremin, D. I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidic soils; Acidity; Agriculture; Agriculture and Crop Production; Arable land; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Crop yield; Decomposing organic matter; Design of experiments; Experimental design; Fertilizer application; Fertilizers; Grain; Humus; Hydroxyapatite; Life Sciences; Mineral fertilizers; Nitrogen; Oats; Plant Biochemistry; Soil fertility; Steppes; Straw
• ISSN: 1068-3674; 1934-8037
• DOI: 10.3103/S1068367423080141

This paper discusses the efficiency of nitrogen absorption from soil and from mineral fertilizers in Tyumen-bred oat varieties. The study was conducted in 2020–2022 in the Trans-Ural forest–steppe on a leached heavy loamy chernozem soil (humus content in the arable layer = 8.19%; nitrate nitrogen content = 6–8 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus content = 80–100 mg/kg; and potassium content = 160–180 mg/kg). The exchangeable acidity was 5.5–5.6 units; hydrolytic soil acidity, 2.5–2.6 mmol/100 g; and base saturation percentage, 95%. In 2020 and 2021, agrometeorological conditions were dry and hot; in 2022, humid and moderately warm. The experimental design involved the following factors: (1) variety (factor A): Talisman, Otrada, and Foma; and (2) fertilizers (factor B): no fertilizers, N 60 P 20 , N 90 P 40 , N 150 P 60 , and N 200 P 80 (the application rates were computed to gather the following yields: 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 t/ha, respectively). Without fertilizers, grain yields of the studied varieties varied from 1.72 to 2.05 t/ha. In variants involving the application of fertilizers, yields reached 3.19–4.65 t/ha for the Talisman variety; 3.35–5.24 t/ha for Otrada; and 3.50–5.34 t/ha for Foma. Under better mineral nutrition conditions, the straw to grain ratio changed from 1.22 to 1.70 in the Talisman variety and from 1.09–1.13 to 1.30 in the Otrada and Foma varieties. In variants without fertilizers (natural soil fertility background), the nitrogen content in grains and straw was the lowest in the experiment and did not differ in the studied varieties: 1.16–1.21% and 0.34–0.36%, respectively. The application of fertilizers increased the nitrogen content in grains to 1.53% in the Talisman variety; to 1.92% in Otrada; and to 2.05% in Foma. In variants with N 200 P 80 , the value of this parameter decreased to 1.39–1.96%; while the nitrogen content in straw increased to 0.53–0.67%. Depending on the variety and fertilizer rate, the specific removal of nitrogen varied from 16 to 27 kg/t. With increase in the application rate, the balance nutritive efficiency index of nitrogen derived from fertilizers decreased from 91–96 to 59–73%.