Highly Efficient Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Disease and Color Classification of Olive Fruits

• Published in: IEEE access 2024, Vol.12, p.35683-35699
• Main Authors: Hassan, Nashaat M. Hussain, Donkol, A. A., Mabrook, M. Mourad, Mabrouk, A. M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Algorithms; ANN classifier; Classification; Conveyors; Crops; Deep learning; Defects; Effectiveness; Feature extraction; features extractions; Fruits; hyper parameters tuning; Image color analysis; Machine learning; Olive fruit pre-processing; olives detecting and extracting; Separation processes; Support vector machines; SVM classifier; Testing; Training
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3362294

The following ends have been established via an in-depth examination and assessment of numerous prior studies on olive fruit classifications: First, several of these researches rely on the use of an unrelated image library. Since every image features a single fruit with a background that contrasts sharply with the fruit's hue, they are all ready for testing. As was previously stated, this issue is unrelated to reality. In practical application, one must deal with a frame that holds hundreds of fruits. To keep the fruits steady, they are put on a conveyor with multiple channels. It's also notable that the majority of this study offered suggestions for useful technology that could yet be developed. Finally, it is important to emphasize that processing speed data is essential in this type of application and has not been collected in many of these experiments. The presented work deals with a new strategy based on two principles: first, a successful extraction of the fruits from the background; and second, the classification of olive fruits into eight categories based on colors and defects. The fruits were extracted from the backdrop using a modified version of the K-Means technique. The outcomes of the suggested fruit extraction were examined utilizing several assessment techniques. By contrasting the outcomes of pertinent procedures with the suggested proposal for fruit extraction, the efficacy and precision of the proposed method were verified. Depending on why the fruit needed to be separated, there were two stages to the process. Three colors were separated using the SVM algorithm, and five distinct defects were separated using the ANN algorithm Approximately 15,000 photos of olive fruits that were shot straight from the fruit conveyor were included in a robust database that was used in the proposed study to validate the effectiveness of the suggested technology. Efficiency was further validated by contrasting our outcomes with those of related technology. When the fruits were set on a white backdrop, the test accuracy results of the suggested approach showed that it was highly efficient in classifying the fruits in the shortest period; the suggested method had an effectiveness of 99.26% for fruit classification. The most important discovery was that it could classify fruits with an efficiency of 97.25% while they were being put on a fruit conveyor, which was in contrast to other approaches. The unique findings of the study that was presented hold promise