Turning climate justice into practice? Channeling loss and damage funding through national social protection systems in climate‐vulnerable countries

• Published in: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Climate change 2024-03, Vol.15 (2), p.e867-n/a
• Main Authors: Huber, Jona, Murray, Una
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation; Channeling; Climate; Climate adaptation; Climate and population; Climate change; Climate finance; Climate justice; Development systems; Disaster relief; Environmental assessment; Environmental impact; Funding; Human rights; Impact damage; International policy; loss and damage; Poverty; Resilience; slow onset; Social protection
• ISSN: 1757-7780; 1757-7799
• DOI: 10.1002/wcc.867

Despite the last‐minute breakthrough agreement at the UN Climate Change Conference COP27 to provide funding for climate‐related loss and damage for vulnerable countries, distribution mechanisms and funding sources remain up for debate. With rapid‐onset climate impacts intensifying and slow‐onset impacts further manifesting, loss and damage from climate change is already occurring. Thus, quick, effective, and transparent distribution of upcoming funds is necessary. Currently, only a tiny fraction of existing sources of climate finance reaches affected communities, commonly marked by high levels of poverty and low levels of adaptive capacity. Similarly, donor‐based global humanitarian aid and development systems are buckling under the weight of increasing demand. As increasing climate impacts threaten to reverse development gains of the last decades, climate‐sensitive social protection has received increasing attention for its potential to address climate impacts and to strengthen the adaptive capacity and resilience of climate‐vulnerable populations. This review article explores the prospects of channeling Loss and Damage funding through existing national social protection systems and highlights how this approach can efficiently contribute to safeguarding development gains, including previously overlooked aspects such as noneconomic loss and damage (NELD), while also dismantling soft adaptation barriers and thus fostering climate resilience in the long term. Although we identify barriers, including gaps in coverage of social protection systems both between and within countries, we argue that channeling some L&D funding through social protection systems aligns with core human rights and climate justice agendas, as well as the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities. This article is categorized under: Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Assessing Climate Change in the Context of Other Issues Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation The interconnectedness between social protection (SP), climate resilience, and loss and damage. The first three functions of SP, if combined, can eventually lead to the fourth transformative function (referred to as “3P + T”) if SP systems are rooted in a rights‐based fundament and are designed to address systemic inequality and promote social equity, empowerment, and