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Avian Diversity and its Associated Threats in Gharo Creek, District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan
ABSTRACT The current study was carried out on avian diversity and main ecological factors occurring at Gharo Creek, district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan, from April 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected both early in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and in the evening (3:00 to 6:00 pm) by using the point c...
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| Published in: | Pakistan journal of zoology 2024-04, Vol.56 (2), p.725 |
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| container_title | Pakistan journal of zoology |
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| creator | Khan, Rahmat Ullah Gabol, Karim Khan, Abbas Sadam, Asif Panhwar, Waheed Ali Ullah, Hamid Ali, Muhsin Khan, Gul Bacha Hassan, Habib Ul |
| description | ABSTRACT The current study was carried out on avian diversity and main ecological factors occurring at Gharo Creek, district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan, from April 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected both early in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and in the evening (3:00 to 6:00 pm) by using the point count method in three main selected habitat types. A total of 112 bird species belonging to 15 orders, 40 families, and 71 genera occurring in the study area. Among the three habitat types, the more diverse and abundant habitat of birds was Creek (51%) followed by scrubland (27%) and Bhambore fort (21%) with Shannon diversity index (3.701). The more diverse and abundant bird species were the winter visitors followed by resident species. The common birds with higher numbers were Indian black-winged stilt (375) followed by great egret (180), western reef egret (75), house sparrow (72), little egret (60), house crow (55), common myna (43), white eared bulbul (40) and greater sand plover (40). In the Gharo Creek area significantly (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.17582/journal.pjz/20210913070932 |
| format | article |
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Data were collected both early in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and in the evening (3:00 to 6:00 pm) by using the point count method in three main selected habitat types. A total of 112 bird species belonging to 15 orders, 40 families, and 71 genera occurring in the study area. Among the three habitat types, the more diverse and abundant habitat of birds was Creek (51%) followed by scrubland (27%) and Bhambore fort (21%) with Shannon diversity index (3.701). The more diverse and abundant bird species were the winter visitors followed by resident species. The common birds with higher numbers were Indian black-winged stilt (375) followed by great egret (180), western reef egret (75), house sparrow (72), little egret (60), house crow (55), common myna (43), white eared bulbul (40) and greater sand plover (40). In the Gharo Creek area significantly (P<0.05) higher diversity was recorded as compared to the Scrubland forest area and Bhambor (Terrestrial) Fort area. However, threats responsible for the decline of biodiversity and density of avifauna include destruction of habitats, soil erosion, human interaction, drought, illegal killing, predation, water pollution, scarcity of food, and unfavorable environmental conditions. The study area is rich in bird diversity however, awareness campaigns and enforcement of legislation are required on a priority basis to conserve the avian diversity, distribution, and address the threats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0030-9923</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0030-9923</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20210913070932</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lahore: Knowledge Bylanes</publisher><subject>Avifauna ; Biodiversity ; Biological diversity ; Birds ; Creeks ; Distribution ; Drought ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental degradation ; Habitat destruction ; Habitat loss ; Habitat selection ; Habitats ; Houses ; Hunting ; Identification and classification ; Legislation ; Measurement ; Owls ; Pollution ; Predation ; Soil erosion ; Soil pollution ; Water pollution ; Water scarcity</subject><ispartof>Pakistan journal of zoology, 2024-04, Vol.56 (2), p.725</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Knowledge Bylanes</rights><rights>(c)2024 Pakistan Journal of Zoology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khan, Rahmat Ullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabol, Karim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Abbas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sadam, Asif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panhwar, Waheed Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Hamid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Gul Bacha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Habib Ul</creatorcontrib><title>Avian Diversity and its Associated Threats in Gharo Creek, District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan</title><title>Pakistan journal of zoology</title><description>ABSTRACT The current study was carried out on avian diversity and main ecological factors occurring at Gharo Creek, district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan, from April 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected both early in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and in the evening (3:00 to 6:00 pm) by using the point count method in three main selected habitat types. A total of 112 bird species belonging to 15 orders, 40 families, and 71 genera occurring in the study area. Among the three habitat types, the more diverse and abundant habitat of birds was Creek (51%) followed by scrubland (27%) and Bhambore fort (21%) with Shannon diversity index (3.701). The more diverse and abundant bird species were the winter visitors followed by resident species. The common birds with higher numbers were Indian black-winged stilt (375) followed by great egret (180), western reef egret (75), house sparrow (72), little egret (60), house crow (55), common myna (43), white eared bulbul (40) and greater sand plover (40). In the Gharo Creek area significantly (P<0.05) higher diversity was recorded as compared to the Scrubland forest area and Bhambor (Terrestrial) Fort area. However, threats responsible for the decline of biodiversity and density of avifauna include destruction of habitats, soil erosion, human interaction, drought, illegal killing, predation, water pollution, scarcity of food, and unfavorable environmental conditions. The study area is rich in bird diversity however, awareness campaigns and enforcement of legislation are required on a priority basis to conserve the avian diversity, distribution, and address the threats.</description><subject>Avifauna</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological diversity</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Creeks</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Environmental degradation</subject><subject>Habitat destruction</subject><subject>Habitat loss</subject><subject>Habitat selection</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Houses</subject><subject>Hunting</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Legislation</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Owls</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Soil erosion</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water scarcity</subject><issn>0030-9923</issn><issn>0030-9923</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpVUU1LAzEQXUTBUvsfAr122yS72SR4WqpWoaBgPXkIs9msTT92a5IW6q832Ao6c5hh5r2ZYV6SDAkeE84Enay6vWthM96tviYUU4IlyTDHMqMXSQ_jDKdS0uzyT36dDLxf4Wh5wSgVveS9PFho0Z09GOdtOCJoa2SDR6X3nbYQTI0WS2cglmyLZktwHZo6Y9ajSPLBWR0iAEKAEXq1bb0coRdYxw60N8lVAxtvBufYT94e7hfTx3T-PHualvNUZ5SHNJeEFhWrRGO0ERnPQehC0Fw2tMibumIMMxDx4sqYGhiTFRakooXQHGpKIOsnw9Pcnes-98YHdf6MV1RymvO8KEhEjU-oD9gYZdumCw509Npsre5a09hYL7nghBImRCTcngjadd4706ids1twR0Ww-lHgd4-KCqj_CmTfGip75A</recordid><startdate>20240430</startdate><enddate>20240430</enddate><creator>Khan, Rahmat Ullah</creator><creator>Gabol, Karim</creator><creator>Khan, Abbas</creator><creator>Sadam, Asif</creator><creator>Panhwar, Waheed Ali</creator><creator>Ullah, Hamid</creator><creator>Ali, Muhsin</creator><creator>Khan, Gul Bacha</creator><creator>Hassan, Habib Ul</creator><general>Knowledge Bylanes</general><general>AsiaNet Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240430</creationdate><title>Avian Diversity and its Associated Threats in Gharo Creek, District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan</title><author>Khan, Rahmat Ullah ; Gabol, Karim ; Khan, Abbas ; Sadam, Asif ; Panhwar, Waheed Ali ; Ullah, Hamid ; Ali, Muhsin ; Khan, Gul Bacha ; Hassan, Habib Ul</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-49126b5b8fece8374a8c68249f264fdb5505a8046beeda559b081b268c7ad21a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Avifauna</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biological diversity</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Creeks</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Environmental conditions</topic><topic>Environmental degradation</topic><topic>Habitat destruction</topic><topic>Habitat loss</topic><topic>Habitat selection</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>Houses</topic><topic>Hunting</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Legislation</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Owls</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Soil erosion</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water scarcity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Khan, Rahmat Ullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabol, Karim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Abbas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sadam, Asif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panhwar, Waheed Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ullah, Hamid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Gul Bacha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Habib Ul</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Pakistan journal of zoology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khan, Rahmat Ullah</au><au>Gabol, Karim</au><au>Khan, Abbas</au><au>Sadam, Asif</au><au>Panhwar, Waheed Ali</au><au>Ullah, Hamid</au><au>Ali, Muhsin</au><au>Khan, Gul Bacha</au><au>Hassan, Habib Ul</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Avian Diversity and its Associated Threats in Gharo Creek, District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Pakistan journal of zoology</jtitle><date>2024-04-30</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>725</spage><pages>725-</pages><issn>0030-9923</issn><eissn>0030-9923</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT The current study was carried out on avian diversity and main ecological factors occurring at Gharo Creek, district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan, from April 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected both early in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and in the evening (3:00 to 6:00 pm) by using the point count method in three main selected habitat types. A total of 112 bird species belonging to 15 orders, 40 families, and 71 genera occurring in the study area. Among the three habitat types, the more diverse and abundant habitat of birds was Creek (51%) followed by scrubland (27%) and Bhambore fort (21%) with Shannon diversity index (3.701). The more diverse and abundant bird species were the winter visitors followed by resident species. The common birds with higher numbers were Indian black-winged stilt (375) followed by great egret (180), western reef egret (75), house sparrow (72), little egret (60), house crow (55), common myna (43), white eared bulbul (40) and greater sand plover (40). In the Gharo Creek area significantly (P<0.05) higher diversity was recorded as compared to the Scrubland forest area and Bhambor (Terrestrial) Fort area. However, threats responsible for the decline of biodiversity and density of avifauna include destruction of habitats, soil erosion, human interaction, drought, illegal killing, predation, water pollution, scarcity of food, and unfavorable environmental conditions. The study area is rich in bird diversity however, awareness campaigns and enforcement of legislation are required on a priority basis to conserve the avian diversity, distribution, and address the threats.</abstract><cop>Lahore</cop><pub>Knowledge Bylanes</pub><doi>10.17582/journal.pjz/20210913070932</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Pakistan journal of zoology, 2024-04, Vol.56 (2), p.725 |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2972474661 |
| source | Nexis UK |
| subjects | Avifauna Biodiversity Biological diversity Birds Creeks Distribution Drought Environmental aspects Environmental conditions Environmental degradation Habitat destruction Habitat loss Habitat selection Habitats Houses Hunting Identification and classification Legislation Measurement Owls Pollution Predation Soil erosion Soil pollution Water pollution Water scarcity |
| title | Avian Diversity and its Associated Threats in Gharo Creek, District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan |
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