Environmental adaptation and genetic variations in geographically isolated Emma field crickets Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

ABSTRACT The Emma field cricket, Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi & Matsuura), distributed between 43°N and 30°N in the Japanese archipelago, is univoltine and overwinters in the egg stage. Its eggs hatch on the slope of the Oishi Dam (38.03°N, 139.57°E, 160–170 m a.s.l.) in late June, adults begin em...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Entomological science 2024-03, Vol.27 (1), p.n/a
Main Authors: Arai, Tetsuo, Tanaka (UEDA), Miwa, Arikawa (ANDO), Chiaki, Kiyota, Momoko, Masaki, Sinzo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Archipelagoes
Crickets
Dams
Emma field cricket
evolution
Genetic diversity
Genetic variation
geographical isolation
Hatching
Oviposition
Slope
Speciation
Teleogryllus emma
Water levels
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Summary:ABSTRACT The Emma field cricket, Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi & Matsuura), distributed between 43°N and 30°N in the Japanese archipelago, is univoltine and overwinters in the egg stage. Its eggs hatch on the slope of the Oishi Dam (38.03°N, 139.57°E, 160–170 m a.s.l.) in late June, adults begin emerging from late August, and oviposition lasts until early October. Oviposition is limited to the period when the water level of the Oishi Dam is low. The period from egg hatching to adult emergence is approximately 1 month shorter than that of the T. emma population on the Arakawa riverside (38.09°N, 139.57°E, 29 m a.s.l.), which is approximately only 7 km from the Oishi Dam. The egg and body sizes of T. emma on the slope of the Oishi Dam were smaller than those of T. emma on the Arakawa riverside, and the egg and nymphal periods were shorter; these variations were inherited by the next generation of T. emma. The egg period, nymphal period and head width of T. emma on the dam slope correspond to those of the populations near 40°N. Several traits of the T. emma population on the dam slope were naturally selected by adapting to the isolated environment, resulting in the genetic variations. However, their variations were small and the period after isolation is short, suggesting that it is in the early stages of speciation. Difference in adult size of Teleogryllu emma collected between on the flooded slope of the Oishi Dam and the Arakawa riverside, a few kilometers away.
ISSN:1343-8786
1479-8298
DOI:10.1111/ens.12569