Holistic Mechanism of Nanomaterials for Removal of Cd2+ from the Wastewater

• Published in: Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2024-04, Vol.235 (4), p.251, Article 251
• Main Authors: Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar, Solangi, Nadeem Hussain, Karri, Rama Rao, Tan, Yie Hua, Shams, Shahriar, Ruslan, Khairunnisa Nabilah, Mazari, Shaukat Ali, Khalid, Mohammad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorption; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cadmium; Carbon; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Comparative analysis; Drinking water; Earth and Environmental Science; Economic feasibility; Environment; Graphene; Hydrogeology; Hydroxides; Ion exchange; Membrane separation; Multi wall carbon nanotubes; MXenes; Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Nanotubes; Oxidation; Oxides; Pollutants; Soil Science & Conservation; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution; Water Quality/Water Pollution; Water shortages; Water treatment
• ISSN: 0049-6979; 1573-2932
• DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-07067-8

The availability of toxic pollutants in the water is a primary obstacle to utilizing the water for drinking purposes. So, scientists are making efforts to develop cutting-edge, affordable, renewable, and environmentally friendly methods for wastewater treatment to address the water shortage challenges and protect human health from serious diseases. Many wastewater treatment techniques have been developed for water treatment, including adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, co-precipitation oxidation, and biochemical processes. In all these water treatment techniques, adsorption is one of the strong candidates to eliminate the Cd 2+ from water because of its economic feasibility and short route. The pristine nanomaterials possessed poorer adsorption capacity than their composites. The Cd 2+ adsorption capacity is in the decreasing order of the graphene oxides (GO), MXenes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and layered double hydroxides (LDHs). This  indicates that the GO is the most suitable choice for Cd 2+ adsorption. In the current review, the authors discussed the performance of the MXene, graphene, GO, LDHs, and carbon nanotube (CNT)-based adsorbents. This study provides with a comparative analysis of the properties of all mentioned nanomaterials. A brief introduction of the synthesizing routes and the impact of various factors on the performance of nanomaterials have been discussed. Finally, the prospects and future challenges associated with the nanomaterials have been highlighted. In a nutshell, the porous nature, high inter-layer space, and significant specific surface area (SSA) of GO makes them an ideal candidate for the adsorption of Cd 2+ .