Biogenic CdFe2O4 nanorods for sunlight-assisted photodegradation and cytotoxicity study

• Published in: Research on chemical intermediates 2024-05, Vol.50 (5), p.2267-2289
• Main Authors: Patil, Rohini P., Teli, Shivanand B., Gophane, Anna, Patil, Amitkumar R., Kadam, Jagannath J., Kamble, Pradip D., Garadkar, Kalyanrao M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Catalysis; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Crystallites; Cytotoxicity; Drinking water; Dyes; Inorganic Chemistry; Nanorods; Photocatalysts; Photodegradation; Physical Chemistry; Roasting; Stabilizers (agents); Sunlight; Toxicity testing
• ISSN: 0922-6168; 1568-5675
• DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05253-1

The present work focuses on the development of CdFe 2 O 4 nanorods (NRs) as photocatalyst using cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ) leaf extract as stabilizing agent. The green CdFe 2 O 4 NRs are employed for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and cytotoxicity test using Allium cepa L plant. To confirm the crystallinity of CdFe 2 O 4 , NRs were calcined at 600, 700 and 800 °C. For experimental study, the CdFe 2 O 4 NRs calcined at 700 °C was used because of its small crystallite size and low bandgap. XRD analysis revealed that the CdFe 2 O 4 NRs are 30 nm in crystallite size. Nanorod shape of prepared CdFe 2 O 4 is confirmed by TEM. The presence of phytochemicals in the leaf extract and the metal–oxygen bonding are confirmed by FT-IR. Photodegradation efficiency of MO is observed 94% under UV–vis and 84% sunlight within 60 and 90 min, using CdFe 2 O 4 NRs, respectively (1.5 g/dm 3 ). The cytotoxicity outcome exhibited that the photodegraded product of the dye solution is less toxic than pure MO solution. The Allium cepa L root tip meristematic cells are normal, and mitotic index and morphometric growth were higher in photodegraded solution compared to tap water and pure MO solution. Therefore, CdFe 2 O 4 NRs calcined at 700 °C are found to be a robust and reusable photocatalyst under both UV–vis and sunlight. Graphical abstract The synthesis route of CdFe 2 O 4 NRs with cabbage leaf extract.