Creativity and Style in GAN and AI Art: Some Art-historical Reflections

• Published in: Philosophy & technology 2024-06, Vol.37 (2), p.61, Article 61
• Main Author: Berryman, Jim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Art history; Creativity; Education; Generative adversarial networks; Machine learning; Modernization; Philosophy; Philosophy of Technology; Research Article
• ISSN: 2210-5433; 2210-5441
• DOI: 10.1007/s13347-024-00746-8

This paper explores the intersection of art history and AI technology. Special attention is paid to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a machine learning technology widely used in AI art. This technology is particularly interesting to art history and the philosophy of art because it raises enduring questions about the creative process of artmaking, especially what constitutes a new and original work of art. While this is a relatively new area, it is possible to discern emerging directions where art and AI intersect. One pressing issue concerns the use (or misuse) of algorithmically enabled technologies and datasets to perpetuate longstanding art-historical biases. The critical position adopted in this paper shares this concern. I examine a notable example of GAN technology that claims to create original art styles. While such experiments in computational creativity are technically interesting, their artistic aims can be questionable. I argue a mechanical model of artistic development based solely on the autonomy of style is problematic for at least two reasons: 1) it uncritically reinstates a formalist view of art history; 2) it recreates a narrow style-centric ‘historical modernism.’ However, despite voicing these reservations, I also discuss the potential of this technology to engage with topics of critical relevance to art history and the philosophy of art.