Anomaly detection in sleep: detecting mouth breathing in children

• Published in: Data mining and knowledge discovery 2024-05, Vol.38 (3), p.976-1005
• Main Authors: Biedebach, Luka, Óskarsdóttir, María, Arnardóttir, Erna Sif, Sigurdardóttir, Sigridur, Clausen, Michael Valur, Sigurdardóttir, Sigurveig Þ., Serwatko, Marta, Islind, Anna Sigridur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anomalies; Artificial Intelligence; Breathing; Chemistry and Earth Sciences; Computer Science; Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery; Deep learning; Information Storage and Retrieval; Machine learning; Mouth; Physics; Signal quality; Statistics for Engineering; Unsupervised learning
• ISSN: 1384-5810; 1573-756X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10618-023-00985-x

Identifying mouth breathing during sleep in a reliable, non-invasive way is challenging and currently not included in sleep studies. However, it has a high clinical relevance in pediatrics, as it can negatively impact the physical and mental health of children. Since mouth breathing is an anomalous condition in the general population with only 2% prevalence in our data set, we are facing an anomaly detection problem. This type of human medical data is commonly approached with deep learning methods. However, applying multiple supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods to this anomaly detection problem showed that classic machine learning methods should also be taken into account. This paper compared deep learning and classic machine learning methods on respiratory data during sleep using a leave-one-out cross validation. This way we observed the uncertainty of the models and their performance across participants with varying signal quality and prevalence of mouth breathing. The main contribution is identifying the model with the highest clinical relevance to facilitate the diagnosis of chronic mouth breathing, which may allow more affected children to receive appropriate treatment.