A thermo-mechanically coupled constitutive model for semi-crystalline polymers at finite strains: Mechanical and thermal characterization of polyamide 6 blends

• Published in: Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 2024-05, Vol.36 (3), p.657-698
• Main Authors: Reuvers, Marie-Christine, Kulkarni, Sameer, Boes, Birte, Felder, Sebastian, Wutzler, André, Johlitz, Michael, Lion, Alexander, Brepols, Tim, Reese, Stefanie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Automotive bodies; Classical and Continuum Physics; Constitutive models; Copolymers; Degree of crystallinity; Elastoplasticity; Engineering Thermodynamics; Formulations; Heat and Mass Transfer; Industrial applications; Mechanical properties; Morphology; Original Article; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Polyamide resins; Polyamides; Polymer blends; Polymers; Process parameters; Strain rate; Structural Materials; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Thermodynamic properties
• ISSN: 0935-1175; 1432-0959
• DOI: 10.1007/s00161-024-01288-2

In the field of material modeling, thermoplastic polymers are often studied because of their complex material behavior and their prevalence in industry applications due to their low cost and wide range of applications. Nowadays, where reusability becomes more and more important, materials which can undergo reversible thermomechanical deformations are appealing for, e.g., the construction of car body components. To predict such complex forming processes with multiple influencing factors, such as temperature, strain rate or underlying material morphology, model formulations are needed that account for these influences simultaneously and are validated against experimental data. Unfortunately, up to now only a few contributions are available which consider all these phenomena. In addition, the range of process parameters considered is often narrow due to the experimental effort required for testing. This usually results in limited predictive capabilities of the model. To overcome these limitations, in this work, a thermo-mechanically coupled material model is developed that accounts for the underlying morphology in terms of the degree of crystallinity (DOC). The model formulation is derived in a thermodynamically consistent manner, incorporating coupled nonlinear visco-elastic and elasto-plastic material behavior at finite strains. To characterize and further validate the model, mechanical as well as thermal experiments are conducted for polyamide 6 (PA6). Here, a blending strategy of PA6 together with an amorphous co-polymer is introduced during specimen production to achieve a wider range of stable DOCs(approximately 15%). The model formulation is successfully applied to experimental results and its predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations.