Insights into the capacity fading and failure mechanism of an O3-NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 layered oxide cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Low-cost sodium-ion batteries hold great potential for large-scale energy storage owing to the abundance of sodium reserves. Despite the higher energy density and initial coulombic efficiency of O3-type transition metal layered oxide cathode materials, denoted as NaxMO2 (M = transition metal, 0.7 &l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Materials for energy and sustainability, 2024, Vol.12 (21), p.12443-12451
Main Authors: Zhao, Xiaohan, Hou, Lijuan, Liu, Qi, Zhao, Yanshuo, Mu, Daobin, Zhao, Zhikun, Li, Li, Chen, Renjie, Wu, Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cathodes
Chemical composition
Cycles
Electrochemical analysis
Electrochemistry
Electrode materials
Electrolytes
Energy storage
Fading
Failure mechanisms
Feedback loops
Ion migration
Metal ions
Performance enhancement
Phase transitions
Side reactions
Sodium
Sodium-ion batteries
Transition metals
Volumetric strain
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Summary:Low-cost sodium-ion batteries hold great potential for large-scale energy storage owing to the abundance of sodium reserves. Despite the higher energy density and initial coulombic efficiency of O3-type transition metal layered oxide cathode materials, denoted as NaxMO2 (M = transition metal, 0.7 < x ≤ 1), their poor long-term cycling performance remains a significant obstacle to their wide-scale industrialization. Herein, we investigate the capacity fading and failure mechanisms of O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials after long-term cycling. The results from XRD, SEM, TEM, and ICP-OES etc. reveal the structural damage, surface phase transition, and migration and dissolution of transition metal ions of the material. It is revealed that surface phase evolution from R3m layered structure to the rock salt (Fm3m) phase after long-term cycling leads to a detrimental feedback loop between the bulk phase and interface. The repeated volumetric strain of the bulk phase disrupts the integrity of the cathode particles, thus hindering ion migration, continuously consuming the electrolyte through side reactions on the fresh surface, affecting the chemical composition of the cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI), and ultimately deteriorating electrochemical performance. This work offers fresh insights into the failure mechanism of O3-type layered oxide cathode materials to guide the performance enhancement of sodium-ion batteries.
ISSN:2050-7488
2050-7496
DOI:10.1039/d4ta00060a