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Use of mixtures of algal and vegetable oils as fish oil replacers in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) feeds and their effects on growth, digestive enzymes, immune biomarkers, fatty acid profiles, and expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis
An experiment was conducted to assess the potential use of algal oil (AO) and vegetable (soya and palm oil; 1:1) oil (VO) mixtures as replacers for fish oil (FO) in Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ) diets. Six iso-nitrogenous (45% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulat...
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| Published in: | Aquaculture international 2024-06, Vol.32 (3), p.2427-2453 |
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| creator | Rahman, Md. Arefin Tantikitti, Chutima Suanyuk, Naraid U-taynapun, Kittichon Chirapongsatonkul, Nion Forster, Ian Hlongahlee, Bullika |
| description | An experiment was conducted to assess the potential use of algal oil (AO) and vegetable (soya and palm oil; 1:1) oil (VO) mixtures as replacers for fish oil (FO) in Asian seabass (
Lates calcarifer
) diets. Six iso-nitrogenous (45% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated incorporating FO, VOs, and AO at 100:0:0 (T1), 0:0:100 (T2), 50:25:25 (T3), 25:50:25 (T4), 0:50:50 (T5), and 0:75:25 (T6), respectively. Each diet was given to five tanks (100 L with 10 fish in each) of juvenile fish (3.89±0.23 g initial weight) fed to satiation for 8 weeks. At termination, five replicate groups of fish were used for survival rate (SR), final weight, weight gain, consumed feed, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) determination. Proximate composition, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activities of the pyloric caeca and intestine, and immune parameters were assessed using fish from three replications. A pooled sample consisting of three replicates was used for the determination of fatty acid profile and lipid quality indices. The liver samples from four replicate groups of fish were pooled into two samples and analyzed for Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 gene expressions. The SR, growth performance, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (
p
>0.05) among treatments; however, feed consumption was significantly different (
p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10499-023-01278-2 |
| format | article |
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Lates calcarifer
) diets. Six iso-nitrogenous (45% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated incorporating FO, VOs, and AO at 100:0:0 (T1), 0:0:100 (T2), 50:25:25 (T3), 25:50:25 (T4), 0:50:50 (T5), and 0:75:25 (T6), respectively. Each diet was given to five tanks (100 L with 10 fish in each) of juvenile fish (3.89±0.23 g initial weight) fed to satiation for 8 weeks. At termination, five replicate groups of fish were used for survival rate (SR), final weight, weight gain, consumed feed, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) determination. Proximate composition, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activities of the pyloric caeca and intestine, and immune parameters were assessed using fish from three replications. A pooled sample consisting of three replicates was used for the determination of fatty acid profile and lipid quality indices. The liver samples from four replicate groups of fish were pooled into two samples and analyzed for Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 gene expressions. The SR, growth performance, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (
p
>0.05) among treatments; however, feed consumption was significantly different (
p
<0.05) among treatments. The highest feed consumption (36.45±2.01 g/fish), final weight (32.41±2.78 g fish
−1
), and weight gain (28.53±2.78 g fish
−1
) were observed in T4 feeding group. Moreover, substituting FO with AO and VOs significantly affected (
p
<0.05) viscerosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat, carcass lipids, and lipid retention efficiency (LRE). The VSI (5.45±0.42) and IPF (1.53±0.03) were the lowest in the T4 feeding group (
p
<0.05). The 100% AO feeding group (T2) showed significantly lower carcass lipid and LRE (
p
<0.05). Specific lipase activity in pyloric caeca was significantly higher in T4 feeding group (
p
<0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) contents of fish carcasses were higher in the 100% AO-fed group. There was a significant (
p
<0.05) impact on the expression of Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 genes in liver tissue. There were no significant differences (
p
>0.05) in innate immune parameters among the treatments. The findings of this study indicate that 75% of FO can be replaced by a combination of 25% AO and 50% VOs in Asian seabass (
L. calcarifer
) diets without impairing growth performance, nutrient utilization, and health status. These results can be used to develop more sustainable feeds that are less reliant on marine resources.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0967-6120</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-143X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10499-023-01278-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Algae ; Biomarkers ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Carcasses ; Diet ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzyme activity ; Fatty acids ; Feed conversion ; Feeding ; Feeds ; Fish ; Fish oils ; Food conversion ; Freshwater & Marine Ecology ; Gene expression ; Growth rate ; Lates calcarifer ; Life Sciences ; Lipids ; Marine fishes ; Marine resources ; Nutrient status ; Nutrient utilization ; Nutrients ; Oil ; Palm oil ; Parameters ; Proximate composition ; Pyloric caeca ; Survival ; Tanks ; Vegetable oils ; Vegetables ; Weight ; Weight gain ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Aquaculture international, 2024-06, Vol.32 (3), p.2427-2453</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-8ee7e16983c8357f1c2020596daf4632f2480c7eaf99dff2b68f54b135e6172d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Md. Arefin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tantikitti, Chutima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suanyuk, Naraid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>U-taynapun, Kittichon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chirapongsatonkul, Nion</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forster, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hlongahlee, Bullika</creatorcontrib><title>Use of mixtures of algal and vegetable oils as fish oil replacers in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) feeds and their effects on growth, digestive enzymes, immune biomarkers, fatty acid profiles, and expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis</title><title>Aquaculture international</title><addtitle>Aquacult Int</addtitle><description><![CDATA[An experiment was conducted to assess the potential use of algal oil (AO) and vegetable (soya and palm oil; 1:1) oil (VO) mixtures as replacers for fish oil (FO) in Asian seabass (
Lates calcarifer
) diets. Six iso-nitrogenous (45% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated incorporating FO, VOs, and AO at 100:0:0 (T1), 0:0:100 (T2), 50:25:25 (T3), 25:50:25 (T4), 0:50:50 (T5), and 0:75:25 (T6), respectively. Each diet was given to five tanks (100 L with 10 fish in each) of juvenile fish (3.89±0.23 g initial weight) fed to satiation for 8 weeks. At termination, five replicate groups of fish were used for survival rate (SR), final weight, weight gain, consumed feed, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) determination. Proximate composition, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activities of the pyloric caeca and intestine, and immune parameters were assessed using fish from three replications. A pooled sample consisting of three replicates was used for the determination of fatty acid profile and lipid quality indices. The liver samples from four replicate groups of fish were pooled into two samples and analyzed for Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 gene expressions. The SR, growth performance, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (
p
>0.05) among treatments; however, feed consumption was significantly different (
p
<0.05) among treatments. The highest feed consumption (36.45±2.01 g/fish), final weight (32.41±2.78 g fish
−1
), and weight gain (28.53±2.78 g fish
−1
) were observed in T4 feeding group. Moreover, substituting FO with AO and VOs significantly affected (
p
<0.05) viscerosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat, carcass lipids, and lipid retention efficiency (LRE). The VSI (5.45±0.42) and IPF (1.53±0.03) were the lowest in the T4 feeding group (
p
<0.05). The 100% AO feeding group (T2) showed significantly lower carcass lipid and LRE (
p
<0.05). Specific lipase activity in pyloric caeca was significantly higher in T4 feeding group (
p
<0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) contents of fish carcasses were higher in the 100% AO-fed group. There was a significant (
p
<0.05) impact on the expression of Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 genes in liver tissue. There were no significant differences (
p
>0.05) in innate immune parameters among the treatments. The findings of this study indicate that 75% of FO can be replaced by a combination of 25% AO and 50% VOs in Asian seabass (
L. calcarifer
) diets without impairing growth performance, nutrient utilization, and health status. These results can be used to develop more sustainable feeds that are less reliant on marine resources.]]></description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzyme activity</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Feed conversion</subject><subject>Feeding</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fish oils</subject><subject>Food conversion</subject><subject>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Growth rate</subject><subject>Lates calcarifer</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Marine fishes</subject><subject>Marine resources</subject><subject>Nutrient status</subject><subject>Nutrient utilization</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Oil</subject><subject>Palm oil</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Proximate composition</subject><subject>Pyloric caeca</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Tanks</subject><subject>Vegetable oils</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Weight</subject><subject>Weight gain</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>0967-6120</issn><issn>1573-143X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxSMEEkvLF-A0EheQNtR_kjg5VhXQSitxaSVukeOMsy6Js3i82y5fvjhdJDhx8lh67zdv9LLsHWefOGPqgjgrmiZnQuaMC1Xn4kW24qWSOS_k95fZijWVyisu2OvsDdE9Y0yqgq-ypztCmC1M7jHuA9Iy63HQI2jfwwEHjLobk8SNBJrAOtouHwi4G7XBQOA8XJLTHgh1p4ngw0bHRDJ6NDo4i-EjWMSenpFxiy4AWosmpm0ehjA_xO0aejcgRXdAQP_rOCGtwU3T3iN0bp50-JF2rcHqGI-gjethF2brxkW3cPFxl-KTS8R0woAel2SHeTxgv0T8x5h4dPQpCDk6z15ZPRK-_fOeZXdfPt9eXeebb19vri43uRGKxbxGVMirppamlqWy3AgmWNlUvbZFJYUVRc2MQm2bprdWdFVty6LjssSKK9HLs-z9iZtS_9ynQ9v7eR98WtlKVvGyKEuukkqcVCbMRAFtuwsu3X5sOWuXottT0W0qun0uuhXJJE8mSmI_YPiL_o_rN2TYsS4</recordid><startdate>20240601</startdate><enddate>20240601</enddate><creator>Rahman, Md. Arefin</creator><creator>Tantikitti, Chutima</creator><creator>Suanyuk, Naraid</creator><creator>U-taynapun, Kittichon</creator><creator>Chirapongsatonkul, Nion</creator><creator>Forster, Ian</creator><creator>Hlongahlee, Bullika</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H98</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240601</creationdate><title>Use of mixtures of algal and vegetable oils as fish oil replacers in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) feeds and their effects on growth, digestive enzymes, immune biomarkers, fatty acid profiles, and expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis</title><author>Rahman, Md. Arefin ; Tantikitti, Chutima ; Suanyuk, Naraid ; U-taynapun, Kittichon ; Chirapongsatonkul, Nion ; Forster, Ian ; Hlongahlee, Bullika</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-8ee7e16983c8357f1c2020596daf4632f2480c7eaf99dff2b68f54b135e6172d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Carcasses</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzyme activity</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Feed conversion</topic><topic>Feeding</topic><topic>Feeds</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fish oils</topic><topic>Food conversion</topic><topic>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Growth rate</topic><topic>Lates calcarifer</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Marine fishes</topic><topic>Marine resources</topic><topic>Nutrient status</topic><topic>Nutrient utilization</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Oil</topic><topic>Palm oil</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Proximate composition</topic><topic>Pyloric caeca</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>Tanks</topic><topic>Vegetable oils</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>Weight</topic><topic>Weight gain</topic><topic>Zoology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Md. Arefin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tantikitti, Chutima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suanyuk, Naraid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>U-taynapun, Kittichon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chirapongsatonkul, Nion</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forster, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hlongahlee, Bullika</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Aquaculture Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Aquaculture international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rahman, Md. Arefin</au><au>Tantikitti, Chutima</au><au>Suanyuk, Naraid</au><au>U-taynapun, Kittichon</au><au>Chirapongsatonkul, Nion</au><au>Forster, Ian</au><au>Hlongahlee, Bullika</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Use of mixtures of algal and vegetable oils as fish oil replacers in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) feeds and their effects on growth, digestive enzymes, immune biomarkers, fatty acid profiles, and expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis</atitle><jtitle>Aquaculture international</jtitle><stitle>Aquacult Int</stitle><date>2024-06-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>2427</spage><epage>2453</epage><pages>2427-2453</pages><issn>0967-6120</issn><eissn>1573-143X</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[An experiment was conducted to assess the potential use of algal oil (AO) and vegetable (soya and palm oil; 1:1) oil (VO) mixtures as replacers for fish oil (FO) in Asian seabass (
Lates calcarifer
) diets. Six iso-nitrogenous (45% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated incorporating FO, VOs, and AO at 100:0:0 (T1), 0:0:100 (T2), 50:25:25 (T3), 25:50:25 (T4), 0:50:50 (T5), and 0:75:25 (T6), respectively. Each diet was given to five tanks (100 L with 10 fish in each) of juvenile fish (3.89±0.23 g initial weight) fed to satiation for 8 weeks. At termination, five replicate groups of fish were used for survival rate (SR), final weight, weight gain, consumed feed, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) determination. Proximate composition, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activities of the pyloric caeca and intestine, and immune parameters were assessed using fish from three replications. A pooled sample consisting of three replicates was used for the determination of fatty acid profile and lipid quality indices. The liver samples from four replicate groups of fish were pooled into two samples and analyzed for Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 gene expressions. The SR, growth performance, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (
p
>0.05) among treatments; however, feed consumption was significantly different (
p
<0.05) among treatments. The highest feed consumption (36.45±2.01 g/fish), final weight (32.41±2.78 g fish
−1
), and weight gain (28.53±2.78 g fish
−1
) were observed in T4 feeding group. Moreover, substituting FO with AO and VOs significantly affected (
p
<0.05) viscerosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat, carcass lipids, and lipid retention efficiency (LRE). The VSI (5.45±0.42) and IPF (1.53±0.03) were the lowest in the T4 feeding group (
p
<0.05). The 100% AO feeding group (T2) showed significantly lower carcass lipid and LRE (
p
<0.05). Specific lipase activity in pyloric caeca was significantly higher in T4 feeding group (
p
<0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) contents of fish carcasses were higher in the 100% AO-fed group. There was a significant (
p
<0.05) impact on the expression of Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 genes in liver tissue. There were no significant differences (
p
>0.05) in innate immune parameters among the treatments. The findings of this study indicate that 75% of FO can be replaced by a combination of 25% AO and 50% VOs in Asian seabass (
L. calcarifer
) diets without impairing growth performance, nutrient utilization, and health status. These results can be used to develop more sustainable feeds that are less reliant on marine resources.]]></abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s10499-023-01278-2</doi><tpages>27</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Aquaculture international, 2024-06, Vol.32 (3), p.2427-2453 |
| issn | 0967-6120 1573-143X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_3061545517 |
| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Algae Biomarkers Biomedical and Life Sciences Biosynthesis Carcasses Diet Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Fatty acids Feed conversion Feeding Feeds Fish Fish oils Food conversion Freshwater & Marine Ecology Gene expression Growth rate Lates calcarifer Life Sciences Lipids Marine fishes Marine resources Nutrient status Nutrient utilization Nutrients Oil Palm oil Parameters Proximate composition Pyloric caeca Survival Tanks Vegetable oils Vegetables Weight Weight gain Zoology |
| title | Use of mixtures of algal and vegetable oils as fish oil replacers in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) feeds and their effects on growth, digestive enzymes, immune biomarkers, fatty acid profiles, and expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis |
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