Biogenically synthesized nanoparticles in wastewater treatment; a greener approach: a review

Water resources have been continuously polluted by various wastewaters and cause many risks for humans and living organisms. One of the wastewater treatment solutions is nanotechnology-based approaches that enable wastewater treatment through efficient, flexible, multi-purpose, and cost-effective pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clean technologies and environmental policy 2024-06, Vol.26 (6), p.1731-1754
Main Authors: Banihashem, Seyed Mostafa, Moradi, Alireza, Evazzadeh, Benyamin, Namvar, Farideh, Fang, Zheng Nick
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological materials
Chitosan
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Economics
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Industrial and Production Engineering
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Microorganisms
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Plant extracts
Polysaccharides
Reducing agents
Review
Reviews
Saccharides
Sustainable Development
Synthesis
Wastewater treatment
Water resources
Water treatment
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Summary:Water resources have been continuously polluted by various wastewaters and cause many risks for humans and living organisms. One of the wastewater treatment solutions is nanotechnology-based approaches that enable wastewater treatment through efficient, flexible, multi-purpose, and cost-effective processes compared to conventional methods. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles (NPs), which use biological materials to synthesize. Therefore, using plant extracts, microorganisms, and polysaccharides as stabilizing and reducing agents in the green synthesis of NPs can be an essential component of wastewater treatment in the future. However, there is a gap in the comprehensive review of the biogenic synthesis of NPs in wastewater treatment. In this review, previous research on green synthesis using various plant extracts, microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, microalgae, and polysaccharides, especially chitosan, were investigated in the treatment of various wastewaters. Factors such as temperature, pH, concentration, and reaction time played a crucial role in the synthesis of NPs, which were investigated separately. Finally, after a complete review of the studies and receiving the strengths and weaknesses of each method, future challenges and opportunities are discussed. Graphical abstract
ISSN:1618-954X
1618-9558
DOI:10.1007/s10098-023-02720-y