Growth Dynamics and Nutrient Removal from Biogas Slurry Using Water Hyacinth

• Published in: Sustainability 2024-06, Vol.16 (11), p.4450
• Main Authors: Koley, Apurba, GhoshThakur, Richik, Das, Kaushik, Gupta, Nitu, Banerjee, Aishiki, Show, Binoy Kumar, Ghosh, Anudeb, Chaudhury, Shibani, Hazra, Amit Kumar, Nahar, Gaurav, Ross, Andrew B, Balachandran, Srinivasan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Ammonia; Analysis; Aquatic ecosystems; Bibliometrics; Biogas; Biomass; Biomass energy; Bioremediation; Chemical oxygen demand; Eutrophication; Growth; Heavy metals; Keywords; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Pollutants; Pollution control; Renewable resources; Water; Water treatment
• ISSN: 2071-1050; 2071-1050
• DOI: 10.3390/su16114450

Aquatic macrophytes, notably the invasive water hyacinth, exhibit proficiency in nutrient removal from polluted water bodies, rendering them appealing for water remediation applications. This study investigates the potential of water hyacinth in phytoremediation, focusing on the effect of using nutrient-rich biogas slurry mixed with water in varying concentrations, i.e., 16.6, 33, 66.6, 100, and 133 mg/L for the investigation. The physiochemical properties of the liquid biogas slurry were evaluated before and after treatment with water hyacinth over eight weeks, with continuous monitoring of nutrient reduction rates. Results showcased substantial average reductions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with a relative growth rate of 5.55%. The treatment also decreased pH, total dissolved solids, hardness, and chemical oxygen demand. The theoretical BMP of water hyacinth was determined using Buswell’s equation. Water hyacinth grown in the concentration of the biogas slurry exhibited the highest methane yield at 199 mL CH4/gm VS, along with the highest relative growth rate. This study used experimental data to create a mathematical model that describes how the relative growth of water hyacinth depends on the number of days and biogas slurry concentration (C). The model’s quality and effectiveness were evaluated using the goodness of fit (R2) and observable approaches. The polynomial model, referred to as Poly model 1, 2, is the best fit for describing the relationship between the growth percentage of water hyacinth, days, and nutrient solution concentration. In this model, C has a polynomial degree of one (normalized mean of 69.84 ± 43.54), while D has a degree of two (normalized mean of 30 ± 21.65).