Growth, structural and spectral characteristics of cytosinium succinate—a third-order nonlinear optical crystal

• Published in: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics 2024-06, Vol.35 (17), p.1182, Article 1182
• Main Authors: Muhildharani, E., Saranya, K., Raja, C. Ramachandra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ambient temperature; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Cut off wavelength; Differential thermal analysis; Energy; Functional groups; Hydrogen bonds; Infrared spectra; Lasers; Materials Science; Night vision equipment; NMR; Nonlinear optics; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Optical and Electronic Materials; Optoelectronic devices; Photoluminescence; Q switched lasers; Radiation; Raman spectra; Single crystals; Software; Thermodynamic properties; Ultraviolet filters; X ray powder diffraction; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 0957-4522; 1573-482X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10854-024-12957-y

An organic single crystal of cytosinium succinate (CS) has been synthesized by slow evaporation technique at ambient temperature. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that CS crystal has monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group C2/c. Powder X-ray diffraction method establishes the crystallinity of CS. UV–Vis-NIR study shows that CS has high transmittance in the visible and NIR portion having a cut-off wavelength of 194 nm. Infrared and Raman spectra reveals the vibrational characteristics of functional groups of CS crystal. Cytosinium cation and succinate anion are joined by N–H…O and O–H…O bonds which are well established in NMR analysis. The third-order NLO behaviour has been determined by Z-scan method. Third-order susceptibility ( χ 3 ) is evaluated as 1.231 × 10 −7 esu. The larger χ 3 value of CS is due to the presence of hydrogen bonds within the structure. Photoluminescence study reveals the suitability of crystal for UV fluorescence detection, UV filter and optoelectronic devices. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis facilitates the thermal behaviour of CS and establishes the crystal that is stable upto 135 °C The above-said properties of CS crystal allow it to explore its applications in optoelectronic devices, laser Q-switching and in night vision devices.