Influence of sodium hydroxide, silane, and siloxane treatments on the moisture sensitivity and mechanical properties of flax fiber composites

• Published in: Polymer composites 2024-07, Vol.45 (10), p.8937-8948
• Main Authors: Rothenhäusler, Florian, Ouali, Ahmed‐Amine, Rinberg, Roman, Demleitner, Martin, Kroll, Lothar, Ruckdaeschel, Holger
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Caustic soda; Chemical treatment; Conditioning; Fiber composites; fiber modifications; Flax; flax fibers; Humidity; Mechanical properties; Modulus of elasticity; Moisture content; Moisture effects; natural fiber composites; prepregs; Relative humidity; Silanes; Siloxanes; Sodium hydroxide; Synthetic fibers; Tensile properties; Tensile strength; Tensile tests; Water absorption
• ISSN: 0272-8397; 1548-0569
• DOI: 10.1002/pc.28386

Natural fibers are a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibers due to their high weight‐specific Young's moduli and strengths. However, the mechanical properties of natural fibers are very sensitive to their moisture content. Therefore, chemical treatments are often applied to natural fibers to lower their water absorption and enhance fiber‐matrix interaction. The aim is to study the effects of fiber modifications with sodium hydroxide, silane, and siloxane on the water uptake and tensile properties of flax fiber composites produced via prepreg technology. In addition, the effect of moisture on the composites' tensile properties was investigated by conditioning one part of the tensile specimens according to DIN EN 2823 (at 70°C and 85% relative humidity). The NaOH treatment was the only modification that had positive effects on the Young's modulus and tensile strength in the unconditioned and conditioned state. The increase of the tensile modulus and strength are most likely due to changes in flax fiber composition, crystallinity of the cellulose and the rougher fiber surface of NaOH modified fibers. This shows that chemical treatment of natural fibers may improve the performance level of natural fiber composites and prevent a loss in their mechanical properties in humid environments. Highlights Flax fiber modifications with sodium hydroxide, silane, and siloxane. Flax fiber composite production via prepreg technology. Water uptake after conditioning at 70°C and 85% relative humidity. Tensile tests before and after conditioning. SEM images of modified flax fibers. Influence of temperature and humidity on the stress‐strain curves of flax fiber composites using untreated, sodium hydroxide‐, silane‐ or siloxane‐modified flax fibers as reinforcements.