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An in situ study on the depth-resolved chemical states of undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces during Ar+ sputtering and annealing processes with XPS
With synchrotron-based depth-resolved XPS measurements, the modification of the surface chemical states and the behavior of various impurities on undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces are investigated. During the Ar+ sputtering process, both the formation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer and the formati...
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Published in: | Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2024-07, Vol.12 (27), p.10110-10117 |
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container_end_page | 10117 |
container_issue | 27 |
container_start_page | 10110 |
container_title | Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices |
container_volume | 12 |
creator | Kim, Dongwoo Lim, Hojoon Seo, Minsik Shin, Hyunsuk Kim, Kyungmin Jang, Subin Ki-jeong, Kim Kim, Jeongjin Bongjin Simon Mun |
description | With synchrotron-based depth-resolved XPS measurements, the modification of the surface chemical states and the behavior of various impurities on undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces are investigated. During the Ar+ sputtering process, both the formation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer and the formation of the SrO layer are found. When the UHV annealing process starts, the oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer start to decrease, indicating oxygen migration from the bulk to the surface region. In the annealing step at 873 K, the concentration of the oxygen vacancies starts to increase due to the lattice oxygen loss to a UHV atmosphere. Throughout the surface preparation process, the sample impurities always exist on the surface with a small variation in their chemical states. The variation of the chemical states of SrTiO3 and its impurities is an indication of the oxygen exchange during the sample preparation process. Our results provide valuable insights on how the elements of SrTiO3 behave during the surface preparation process and interact with surface impurities. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d4tc01262c |
format | article |
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During the Ar+ sputtering process, both the formation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer and the formation of the SrO layer are found. When the UHV annealing process starts, the oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer start to decrease, indicating oxygen migration from the bulk to the surface region. In the annealing step at 873 K, the concentration of the oxygen vacancies starts to increase due to the lattice oxygen loss to a UHV atmosphere. Throughout the surface preparation process, the sample impurities always exist on the surface with a small variation in their chemical states. The variation of the chemical states of SrTiO3 and its impurities is an indication of the oxygen exchange during the sample preparation process. Our results provide valuable insights on how the elements of SrTiO3 behave during the surface preparation process and interact with surface impurities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-7526</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-7534</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d4tc01262c</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Annealing ; Impurities ; Lattice vacancies ; Oxygen ; Sputtering ; Strontium titanates ; Surface preparation ; Titanium dioxide</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2024-07, Vol.12 (27), p.10110-10117</ispartof><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Dongwoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Hojoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seo, Minsik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Hyunsuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Kyungmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jang, Subin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ki-jeong, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jeongjin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bongjin Simon Mun</creatorcontrib><title>An in situ study on the depth-resolved chemical states of undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces during Ar+ sputtering and annealing processes with XPS</title><title>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices</title><description>With synchrotron-based depth-resolved XPS measurements, the modification of the surface chemical states and the behavior of various impurities on undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces are investigated. During the Ar+ sputtering process, both the formation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer and the formation of the SrO layer are found. When the UHV annealing process starts, the oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer start to decrease, indicating oxygen migration from the bulk to the surface region. In the annealing step at 873 K, the concentration of the oxygen vacancies starts to increase due to the lattice oxygen loss to a UHV atmosphere. Throughout the surface preparation process, the sample impurities always exist on the surface with a small variation in their chemical states. The variation of the chemical states of SrTiO3 and its impurities is an indication of the oxygen exchange during the sample preparation process. Our results provide valuable insights on how the elements of SrTiO3 behave during the surface preparation process and interact with surface impurities.</description><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Impurities</subject><subject>Lattice vacancies</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Sputtering</subject><subject>Strontium titanates</subject><subject>Surface preparation</subject><subject>Titanium dioxide</subject><issn>2050-7526</issn><issn>2050-7534</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9jt1KAzEQhYMoWGpvfIKAN4qsTpL9vSzFqlCo0ArelWwycbes2XWTKD6E72z8wYFh5nA-zgwhpwyuGIjqWqdeAeM5VwdkwiGDpMhEevi_8_yYzJzbQ6yS5WVeTcjn3NLWUtf6QJ0P-oP2lvoGqcbBN8mIru_eUFPV4EurZBch6dHR3tBgdT9EazNu27U4B2AX1IXRSBV9HcbWPtP5eEndELzHHymtjm1Rdt9qGPuIuki_t76hTw-bE3JkZOdw9jen5HF5s13cJav17f1ivkoGxoRPJFZalAXLmKmxQik0aESotWF5apgEXmWcY6nzVGR5BbViolYGNMOsNLIUU3L2mxtfeA3o_G7fh9HGkzsBRZmKAgouvgDcK2by</recordid><startdate>20240711</startdate><enddate>20240711</enddate><creator>Kim, Dongwoo</creator><creator>Lim, Hojoon</creator><creator>Seo, Minsik</creator><creator>Shin, Hyunsuk</creator><creator>Kim, Kyungmin</creator><creator>Jang, Subin</creator><creator>Ki-jeong, Kim</creator><creator>Kim, Jeongjin</creator><creator>Bongjin Simon Mun</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240711</creationdate><title>An in situ study on the depth-resolved chemical states of undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces during Ar+ sputtering and annealing processes with XPS</title><author>Kim, Dongwoo ; Lim, Hojoon ; Seo, Minsik ; Shin, Hyunsuk ; Kim, Kyungmin ; Jang, Subin ; Ki-jeong, Kim ; Kim, Jeongjin ; Bongjin Simon Mun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p113t-ae9d387151fbe9ea3d0dee0bdf164f1a029522e8d6435690bc13bcf0d1e58fa83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Impurities</topic><topic>Lattice vacancies</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Sputtering</topic><topic>Strontium titanates</topic><topic>Surface preparation</topic><topic>Titanium dioxide</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Dongwoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Hojoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seo, Minsik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Hyunsuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Kyungmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jang, Subin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ki-jeong, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jeongjin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bongjin Simon Mun</creatorcontrib><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Dongwoo</au><au>Lim, Hojoon</au><au>Seo, Minsik</au><au>Shin, Hyunsuk</au><au>Kim, Kyungmin</au><au>Jang, Subin</au><au>Ki-jeong, Kim</au><au>Kim, Jeongjin</au><au>Bongjin Simon Mun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An in situ study on the depth-resolved chemical states of undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces during Ar+ sputtering and annealing processes with XPS</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices</jtitle><date>2024-07-11</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>27</issue><spage>10110</spage><epage>10117</epage><pages>10110-10117</pages><issn>2050-7526</issn><eissn>2050-7534</eissn><abstract>With synchrotron-based depth-resolved XPS measurements, the modification of the surface chemical states and the behavior of various impurities on undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces are investigated. During the Ar+ sputtering process, both the formation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer and the formation of the SrO layer are found. When the UHV annealing process starts, the oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer start to decrease, indicating oxygen migration from the bulk to the surface region. In the annealing step at 873 K, the concentration of the oxygen vacancies starts to increase due to the lattice oxygen loss to a UHV atmosphere. Throughout the surface preparation process, the sample impurities always exist on the surface with a small variation in their chemical states. The variation of the chemical states of SrTiO3 and its impurities is an indication of the oxygen exchange during the sample preparation process. Our results provide valuable insights on how the elements of SrTiO3 behave during the surface preparation process and interact with surface impurities.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><doi>10.1039/d4tc01262c</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | Royal Society of Chemistry:Jisc Collections:Royal Society of Chemistry Read and Publish 2022-2024 (reading list) |
subjects | Annealing Impurities Lattice vacancies Oxygen Sputtering Strontium titanates Surface preparation Titanium dioxide |
title | An in situ study on the depth-resolved chemical states of undoped SrTiO3(001) surfaces during Ar+ sputtering and annealing processes with XPS |
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