Green synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of silver and gold nanoparticles using Pandanus canaranus leaf extract on Artemia salina and A549 lung cancer cells

• Published in: Biomass conversion and biorefinery 2024-07, Vol.14 (13), p.14433-14446
• Main Authors: Balamurugan, Venkatachalam, Balasubramani, Govindasamy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Artemia; Biotechnology; Carboxylic acids; Energy; Functional groups; Gold; Lung cancer; Morphology; Nanoparticles; Original Article; Phenols; Renewable and Green Energy; Silver; Substrates; Synthesis; Transition metals
• ISSN: 2190-6815; 2190-6823
• DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03586-8

The green route of transition metal nanoparticle (NPs) synthesis by the single-step method has more attraction for multifunctional applications. The study aimed to demonstrate the use of Pandanus canaranus leaf extract, as an apposite substrate for the bio-synthesis of silver (Ag) NPs and Gold (Au) NPs. The UV–Vis spectrum of AgNPs and AuNPs showed an absorption peak at 450 and 520 nm, respectively. FT-IR revealed the respective functional groups (carboxylic acids and phenols) involved in the reduction of Ag + and Au + ions to nanoparticles. The XRD findings confirmed the crystalline nature of Ag and AuNPs with face-centered cubic structures, respectively. SEM images showed spherical and agglomerated morphology. Furthermore, EDX results confirmed the presence of Ag and Au metals. HRTEM images determined the sizes of AgNPs (6.33 to 24.43 nm) and AuNPs (37.44 nm) with spherical morphology. High hatching efficiency and less mortality of Artemia salina nauplii were observed in the treatment of AuNPs (93% and 26%) than AgNPs (91 and 55%). As the concentration of AgNPs and AuNPs increased, the findings of cell viability reduced (36 and 50%) in the lung cancer cells (A549 cells), respectively. The early and late apoptosis induced by the NPs in A549 cells were evidenced through AO/EtBr staining. To sum up, the PCLE-mediated NPs synthesis was very rapid and they significantly induced the apoptosis in A549 cells. With these promising potentials, P. canaranus can progress as a good candidate for cancer therapy.