Counting the Unseen I: Nuclear Density Scaling Relations for Nucleated Galaxies

• Published in: arXiv.org 2024-07
• Main Authors: Hannah, Christian H, Seth, Anil C, Stone, Nicholas C, Sjoert van Velzen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Density; Galaxies; Star clusters; Stars & galaxies; Stellar mass; Surface brightness
• ISSN: 2331-8422

The volumetric rate of tidal disruption events (TDEs) encodes information on the still-unknown demographics of central massive black holes (MBHs) in low-mass galaxies (\(\lesssim 10^9\)~M\(_\odot\)). Theoretical TDE rates from model galaxy samples can extract this information, but this requires accurately defining the nuclear stellar density structures. This region is typically dominated by nuclear star clusters (NSCs), which have been shown to increase TDE rates by orders of magnitude. Thus, we assemble the largest available sample of pc-scale 3-D density profiles that include NSC components. We deproject the PSF-deconvolved surface brightness profiles of 91 nearby galaxies of varying morphology and combine these with nuclear mass-to-light ratios estimated from measured colors or spectral synthesis to create 3-D mass density profiles. We fit the inner 3-D density profile to find the best-fit power-law density profile in each galaxy. We compile this information as a function of galaxy stellar mass to fit new empirical density scaling relations. These fits reveal positive correlations between galaxy stellar mass and central stellar density in both early- and late-type galaxies. We find that early-type galaxies have somewhat higher densities and shallower profiles relative to late-type galaxies at the same mass. We also use the density profiles to estimate the influence radius of each galaxy's MBH and find that the sphere of influence was likely resolved in most cases. These new relations will be used in future works to build mock galaxy samples for dynamical TDE rate calculations, with the aim of constraining MBH demographics in low-mass galaxies.