Food expensiveness in remote areas of Scotland: a natural experiment measuring the out-shopping effect

This paper investigates the effect of out-shopping (i.e., buying food outside local area) on food expensiveness in remote areas in Scotland, contributing to the literature on social factors affecting food security and food affordability in remote rural areas worldwide. It identifies out-shopping as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food security 2024-08, Vol.16 (4), p.1019-1029
Main Authors: Russo, Carlo, Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Biomedical and Life Sciences
COVID-19
Environment
Food prices
Food Science
Food security
Households
Life Sciences
Original Paper
Plant Sciences
Remote observing
Remote regions
Rural areas
Shopping
Social factors
Social Policy
Social Sciences
Statistical analysis
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Summary:This paper investigates the effect of out-shopping (i.e., buying food outside local area) on food expensiveness in remote areas in Scotland, contributing to the literature on social factors affecting food security and food affordability in remote rural areas worldwide. It identifies out-shopping as a factor explaining why existing studies observing food prices at local stores in remote areas find much higher prices than at urban stores, while studies observing actual purchases of household in remote areas find small differences in food expensiveness with urban households. To investigate this difference, a food expensiveness index was constructed using home scanner data measuring households’ actual purchases. Data from the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, when travel restriction limited out-shopping, were compared with the same period in 2019 when such restrictions were not in place. The results find that the premium paid in remote rural areas was small overall, but a statistically significant increase during lockdown was found for those households that lost access to discount stores because of movement restrictions. This result indicates that out-shopping is an important factor limiting food expensiveness in remote areas of Scotland and thus ensuring food affordability. Data suggest that approximately 42 percent of households in Scotland remote areas rely on out-shopping for obtaining affordable food.
ISSN:1876-4517
1876-4525
DOI:10.1007/s12571-024-01456-x