Fabrication and Operation Analysis of a Surface-Plasmon Sensor Using a Nonpropagating Mode

Our research focuses on the development of a surface-plasmon sensor that uses a stationary surface plasmon, referred to as a “nonpropagating mode.” This mode is observed when light is incident perpendicularly on a surface-plasmon sensor based on a metal diffraction grating. We performed a comprehens...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.) Mass.), 2024-08, Vol.19 (4), p.2001-2009
Main Authors: Motogaito, Atsushi, Harada, Akitaka, Hiramatsu, Kazumasa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biophysics
Biotechnology
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Coupled modes
Electron beam lithography
Fano resonance
Gratings (spectra)
Light diffraction
Nanotechnology
Optical properties
Propagation modes
Refractivity
Resonant interactions
Sensors
Surface plasmon resonance
Wave diffraction
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Summary:Our research focuses on the development of a surface-plasmon sensor that uses a stationary surface plasmon, referred to as a “nonpropagating mode.” This mode is observed when light is incident perpendicularly on a surface-plasmon sensor based on a metal diffraction grating. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of the surface-plasmon resonances within this nonpropagating mode, employing the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. Using electron-beam lithography, sputtering, and a lift-off process, we fabricated such a surface-plasmon sensor and evaluated its optical properties rigorously. By combining simulations and experiments, we successfully utilized the nonpropagating mode to detect a liquid medium with a refractive index of 1.70. Simulations show that the nonpropagating mode arises due to a Fano resonance; i.e., to a resonant interaction between a localized surface plasmon generated at the edge of a metal grating strip during normal incidence and a propagating surface plasmon that occurs at the boundary between the metal diffraction grating and the measurement medium. The present results provide useful information for the advancement of surface-plasmon sensing technologies.
ISSN:1557-1955
1557-1963
DOI:10.1007/s11468-023-02111-5