FAPDRP: a flooding attacks prevention and detection routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc network using behavior history and nonlinear median filter transformation

• Published in: Wireless networks 2024-08, Vol.30 (6), p.4875-4902
• Main Authors: Luong, Ngoc T., Nguyen, Anh Q., Hoang, Doan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Collision avoidance; Communications Engineering; Computer Communication Networks; Cybersecurity; Electrical Engineering; Engineering; Hyperplanes; IT in Business; Mobile ad hoc networks; Networks; Nodes; Packet transmission; Performance degradation; Real time operation; Rescue operations; Routing (telecommunications); Time response; Traffic accidents; Traffic accidents & safety; Traffic safety
• ISSN: 1022-0038; 1572-8196
• DOI: 10.1007/s11276-022-03174-8

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is one of the challenging research areas in recent times with applications to intelligent traffic systems. In VANET, the link between vehicles going in opposite directions only lasts for a very short time when they are within range of each other, otherwise lost, hindering the complete exchange of meaningful information. Most valuable applications on VANET are related to safety-related applications that require real-time response. If the safety and the real-time requirements are not met, serious consequences may result in the form of traffic accidents or failed rescue operations. Flooding attacks on route request packet (RREQ) disrupt the communication between parties, reduce the successful packet delivery rate, and introduce excessive packet transmission delays. This type of attacks, when executed over VANET, may result in disastrous consequences for critical applications such as collision warning or autonomous vehicle assistance. Many security solutions have been proposed; however, they all have several limitations: either they fail to recognise malicious nodes when they attack with low frequency rates, or they suffer performance degradation because of the burden of add-on security measures by the solutions even when malicious nodes are not present in the environment. This paper proposes a Median Filter based flooding attacks detection algorithm (MFFDA) that enables efficient and reliable operation on VANET. The MFFDA solution is novel in three aspects: (1) it uses a route discovery frequency vector (V) to capture a node’s behavioral history; (2) it uses a nonlinear mapping to transform the representational space V into a new space V MF through the use of a Median Filter; (3) it utilises a robust statistic-the median value ( mv )—of the data sample V and a suitable separating hyperplane to detect malicious nodes. The paper also proposes the Flooding Attacks Prevention and Detection Routing Protocol (FAPDRP), that incorporates the proposed MFFDA for routing protection. Using NS2, the paper simulated the FAPDRP and related protocols in both attacked and normal network scenarios. The results show that the proposed solution has an accuracy over 98.5% under the minimal flooding attacks 10 pkt/s, outperforms those of previous studies. In addition, the performance of FAPDRP approaches that of the AODV in both attacked and normal network scenarios. This confirms that the proposed MFFDA satisfies the delay, efficiency, and reliabil