Influence of physical activity and body mass index to gestational diabetes risk: A cross-sectional observational study

• Published in: Journal of Physical Education and Sport 2024-07, Vol.24 (7), p.1750-1760
• Main Authors: Mellem, Luciano Junqueira, Mellem, Rodrigo Haber, Chagas, Henrique Villa, Barbalho, Sandra Maria, Haber, Jesselina Francisco Dos Santos, Detregiachi, Claudia Rucco Penteado, Chagas, Eduardo Federighi Baisi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Body Composition; Body mass index; Diabetes; Exercise; Obesity; Observational studies; Socioeconomic factors; Womens health
• ISSN: 2247-8051; 2247-806X
• DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2024.07195

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has risen globally. While various factors contribute to GDM risk, modifiable factors such as lifestyle and weight control play crucial roles in prevention strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between physical activity level (PAL), body mass index (BMI), and the odds ratio of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A cross-sectional observational study was performed during routine examinations at a Primary Care Unit of the Unified Health System (SUS). The sample consisted of 68 women with up to 28 weeks of pregnancy and aged between 18 and 43 years. Measurements: Data on age, duration of pregnancy, morbidity, blood pressure, and laboratory tests (fasting glucose, HbAlc%, and lipid profile) were obtained. BMI and PAL data were obtained for the period before and after the current pregnancy. A high prevalence of GDM (39.7%), sedentary lifestyle (50.0% prior to pregnancy; 70.6% current), and obesity (36.8% prior to pregnancy; 39.7% current) was observed in the sample. There was a significant increase in sedentary time and a reduction in walking time after the beginning of pregnancy. There was a significant association between obesity and the presence of GDM. Increased sitting time and В MI are related to an increased likelihood of GDM. Sitting time and BMI explain 27.1% of the variation in the probability of GDM in the pre-pregnancy period and 26.5% in the current period. The high prevalence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle may be related to the high prevalence of GDM observed in the sample. The prescription of physical activity and reduction of obesity before pregnancy may reduce the risk of GDM.