Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Poly(Glycerol Azelaic Acid) and Their Nanocomposites for Application in Tissue Engineering

• Published in: Journal of polymers and the environment 2024-08, Vol.32 (8), p.3718-3734
• Main Authors: Mohammadi, Ali, Salimi, Ali, Goodarzi, Vahabodin, Khodabakhshi, Mohammad Reza, Farnoosh, Gholamreza
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Bioglass; Cell adhesion; Cell proliferation; Chemical synthesis; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Contact angle; Copolymerization; Copolymers; Cytotoxicity; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Fetal calf serum; Glass transition temperature; Glycerol; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Low temperature; Materials Science; Mechanical properties; Molecular weight; Morphology; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Original Paper; Polyethylene glycol; Polymer Sciences; Polymers; Resins; Tissue engineering; Transition temperatures
• ISSN: 1566-2543; 1572-8919
• DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03194-9

In this study, new types of bio-copolymers based on Poly(glycerol azelaic acid) (PGAZ) and Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (M n =400, 1000, and 2000 gmol −1 ) were synthesized by melt polycondensation technique. Also, the solution casting method prepared their nanocomposites with 5 wt% of bioactive glass nanoparticles (BG). 1 H-NMR and FTIR analysis confirmed that the pre-polymer resins were well synthesized. Crystalline plan (002) of PGAZ-co-PEG 1000 and PGAZ-co-PEG 2000 are increased compared to other samples. The SEM images of the surface of the samples showed that the increase in the molecular weight of PEG has made the surface morphology rougher, and the presence of nanoparticles causes a layered morphology. Also, the increase in molecular weight in PEG has caused better dispersion of nanoparticles. Among all the samples, the mechanical properties of PGAZ-co-PEG 2000 /BG were higher than others. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) for the PGAZ sample is around 42.16 o C, and by copolymerizing this material with PEG, the T g values have moved to lower temperatures. The degradation behaviour of PGAZ-co-PEG 1000 and its nanocomposites was faster in fetal bovine serum (FBS) moiety. The dynamic contact angle showed that sample PGAZ-co-PEG 400 showed the best hydrophilic conditions, and on the other hand, the PGAZ/BG sample behaved better among the nanocomposite samples. The behaviour of cytotoxicity after 72 h showed that the samples PGAZ-co-PEG 400 /BG and PGAZ-co-PEG 2000 /BG had better cell maintenance and proliferation. Cell adhesion is more on the surface of nanocomposite samples, and the acridine orange technique also showed that after 16 days, there are cells with very high density on the surface of bio-copolymer nanocomposite samples. Graphical Abstract