Determination of the engineering characteristics of calciclastic submarine fan systems in the Tonya Formation (Hacımehmet, Trabzon, NE Türkiye) using integrated geophysical and geological methods

• Published in: Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment 2024-09, Vol.83 (9), p.364, Article 364
• Main Authors: Aydın, Zeynep Öğretmen, Köroğlu, Fatih, Şeren, Aysel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alternations; Calcarenite; Cretaceous; Drilling; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Electrical resistivity; Engineering; Evaluation; Foundations; Geoecology/Natural Processes; Geoengineering; Geology; Geophysical data; Geophysical exploration; Geophysical methods; Geophysical studies; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Ground penetrating radar; Hydraulics; Investigations; Lithology; Measurement techniques; Nature Conservation; Original Paper; Palaeocene; Paleocene; Paleontology; Parameters; Radar; Radar imaging; Refraction; Sediment deposits; Sedimentology; Sediments; Seismic refraction; Stratigraphy; Structural members; Surface water waves; Surface waves; Tomography; Two dimensional analysis; Volcanoes; Wave analysis
• ISSN: 1435-9529; 1435-9537
• DOI: 10.1007/s10064-024-03858-9

In this study, structural elements and engineering parameters were determined for ‘Calciclastic Submarine Fan system (CSFs)’ deposits with complex sedimentology and stratigraphy in the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene Tonya Formation (Hacımehmet, Trabzon province, NE Türkiye). Several geophysical methods, including ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction tomography and multi-channel analysis of surface waves were applied to calciclastic submarine fan systems of the Tonya Formation. This study represents the first time that these characteristics have been examined in the study area. Common offset ground penetrating radar was performed on 17 lines, the common midpoint was determined at 31 points, electrical resistivity tomography was conducted on seven profiles, and seismic refraction tomography and multichannel surface wave analysis measurements were undertaken on three profiles in the study area. In addition, ground penetrating radar well tomography modelling was performed. The engineering parameters for the study area were determined by evaluating one- and two-dimensional images obtained by considering both the forward and inverse solutions of geophysical data and drilling information. This study shows that when subsurface sections obtained from geophysical studies and drilling information are evaluated together, alternations at up to 15 m depth can be observed in pelagic weak units (marls) and neritic solid units (calcarenite and calcirudite).