Excess Death Rates by State During the COVID-19 Pandemic: United States, 2020-2023

Objectives. To estimate state-level excess death rates during 2020 to 2023 and examine differences by region and partisan orientation. Methods. We modeled death and population counts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate excess death rates for the United States, 9 census di...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of public health (1971) 2024-09, Vol.114 (9), p.882-891
Main Authors: Woolf, Steven H, Lee, Jong Hyung, Chapman, Derek A, Sabo, Roy T, Zimmerman, Emily
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Censuses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Death
Death & dying
Disease control
Fatalities
Governors
Immunization
Legislatures
Mortality
Mortality rates
Pandemics
Partisanship
Representation
Representations
State government
State legislatures
States
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Summary:Objectives. To estimate state-level excess death rates during 2020 to 2023 and examine differences by region and partisan orientation. Methods. We modeled death and population counts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate excess death rates for the United States, 9 census divisions, and 50 states. We compared excess death rates for states with different partisan orientations, measured by the party of the seated governor and the level of partisan representation in state legislatures. Results. The United States experienced 1 277 697 excess deaths between March 2020 and July 2023. Almost 90% of these deaths were attributed to COVID-19, and 51.5% occurred after vaccines were available. The highest excess death rates first occurred in the Northeast and then shifted to the South and Mountain states. Between weeks ending June 20, 2020, through March 19, 2022, excess death rates were higher in states with Republican governors and greater Republican representation in state legislatures. Conclusions. Excess death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic varied considerably across the US states and were associated with partisan representation in state government, although the influence of confounding variables cannot be excluded.
ISSN:0090-0036
DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2024.307731)