Characteristics of Thin Magnetotail Current Sheet Plasmas at Lunar Distances

• Published in: Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2024-08, Vol.129 (8), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Kamaletdinov, S. R., Artemyev, A. V., Runov, A., Angelopoulos, V.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceleration; Critical components; Current density; current sheet; Current sheets; Diamagnetism; Earth; Earth magnetosphere; Electrodynamics; Electron drift velocity; Electron pressure; Electrons; Flapping; Geomagnetic tail; Ions; Magnetic fields; Magnetic properties; magnetosphere coupling; Magnetospheric substorms; magnetotail; Magnetotails; Pressure profiles; Sheet modelling; solar‐wind; Spacecraft
• ISSN: 2169-9380; 2169-9402
• DOI: 10.1029/2024JA032755

The magnetotail current sheet plays a key role in the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere. Specifically, the formation and subsequent reconnection of thin (ion‐gyroscale) current sheets are critical components of magnetospheric substorms. However, the precise mechanisms governing the configuration and distribution of current density in these thin current sheets remain elusive. By analyzing a data set consisting of 453 thin current sheet crossings observed by the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission, we explore the statistical properties of the ion and electron pressures and current densities, Ji and Je, in the spacecraft rest frame. Using magnetotail flapping and magnetic field measurements to estimate the total current density, J0, we find that it agrees well with the sum of those from direct ion and electron measurements, Ji + Je, respectively. In 65% of thin current sheets, electrons were found to dominate the contribution to the total current density in the spacecraft frame, with a typical dawnward drift velocity of ≳100 km/s. Diamagnetic drifts of electrons and ions estimated from their respective vertical pressure profiles (along the current sheet normal) reveal that the gradient of electron pressure alone cannot fully account for the observed high values of Je/Ji. Counter‐intuitively, for most (52% of) thin current sheets the electron vertical pressure profile is wider than the ion pressure profile, again suggesting that electron diamagnetism is an insufficient contributor to the current density at such sheets. These findings suggest the presence of a significant E × B dawnward drift that the electrons can fully acquire but ions cannot, being partially unmagnetized. We compare our results with those previously reported for the near‐Earth magnetotail and discuss them in the context of magnetotail current sheet modeling. Key Points We compare the contribution of electrons and ions to the total current density estimated from the flapping motion of the CSs at −60RE In 65% of thin current sheets, electron carriers dominate the total current at the spacecraft rest frame The diamagnetic drift associated with the pressure gradient of electrons, alone, is insufficient to explain the observed electron currents