Geometry and Hybridization Effect on the Crashworthiness Performances of Carbon and Flax/Epoxy Composites

• Published in: Journal of composites science 2024-08, Vol.8 (8), p.331
• Main Authors: Giammaria, Valentina, Del Bianco, Giulia, Capretti, Monica, Boria, Simonetta, Vigna, Lorenzo, Calzolari, Andrea, Castorani, Vincenzo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cantilever beams; Carbon; Comparative analysis; Compliance; Crashworthiness; Crush tests; Delamination; Emission standards; Emissions; Energy absorption; Epoxy resins; Flax; Hybrid composites; Hybridization; Impact strength; Investigations; Laminated materials; Mechanical properties; Numerical models; Pressure effects; Renewable resources; Specific energy; Synthetic fibers
• ISSN: 2504-477X; 2504-477X
• DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080331

Recent pressure on scientists and industries to use renewable resources, as well as the need to produce environmentally friendly materials, has led researchers and manufacturers to use natural fibres as possible reinforcements for their composites. Although they seem to be “ideal” due to their low cost, light weight and interesting energy absorption properties, they cannot be compared to synthetic fibres. To solve this problem, hybridization techniques can be considered, since the combination of synthetic and natural fibres allows for good performances. The aim of this study was to characterize the delamination and in-plane crashworthiness behaviour of carbon, flax and hybrid composites from experimental and numerical points of view. Double Cantilever Beam and Four-Point End Notched Flexure tests were carried out to determine the interlaminar fracture modes. In-plane crashworthiness tests were then performed to investigate the delamination phenomenon and the energy absorption capacity considering two different geometries: flat and corrugated. Numerical models were created and validated on both geometries, comparing the obtained load–displacement curves with the experimental ones. Crush force efficiency and specific energy absorption were quantified to provide a proper comparison of the investigated materials. The good results achieved represent a promising starting point for the design of future and more complex structures.