Processing Challenges and Delamination Prevention Methods in Titanium-Steel DED 3D Printing

Direct Energy Deposition (DED) 3D printing has gained significant importance in various industries due to its ability to fabricate complex and functional parts with reduced material waste, and to repair existing components. Titanium alloys, known for their exceptional mechanical properties and bioco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology 2024-09, Vol.11 (5), p.1663-1679
Main Authors: Andreu, Alberto, Kim, Sanglae, Kim, Insup, Kim, Jeong-Hwan, Noh, Jinhong, Lee, Suhan, Lee, Wonhee, Su, Pei-Chen, Yoon, Yong-Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
Additive manufacturing
Alloys
Biocompatibility
Brittleness
Delamination
Deposition
Energy Efficiency
Engineering
Friction stir welding
Heat transfer
Incompatibility
Industrial and Production Engineering
Intermetallic compounds
Iron
Lasers
Mechanical properties
Prevention
Raw materials
Residual stress
Review
Steel
Steel alloys
Steel pipes
Strength to weight ratio
Substrates
Sustainable Development
Thermal energy
Three dimensional printing
Titanium
Titanium alloys
Titanium base alloys
Weight reduction
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Summary:Direct Energy Deposition (DED) 3D printing has gained significant importance in various industries due to its ability to fabricate complex and functional parts with reduced material waste, and to repair existing components. Titanium alloys, known for their exceptional mechanical properties and biocompatibility, are widely used in DED 3D printing applications, where they offer benefits such as lightweight design possibilities and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, given the high material cost of titanium alloys, certain applications can benefit from the coating capabilities of DED to achieve the advantages of titanium on a distinct material substrate. Nevertheless, challenges related to material incompatibility and the development of unwanted brittle phases still affect the successful deposition of titanium alloys on steel substrates with DED 3D printing. This paper investigates the processing challenges and reviews delamination prevention methods, specifically targeting titanium-steel interfaces. In particular, the formation of unwanted brittle Ti–Fe intermetallics and methods to circumvent their formation are explored. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the processing challenges and delamination prevention methods in DED 3D printing.
ISSN:2288-6206
2198-0810
DOI:10.1007/s40684-024-00598-9