Comparison of fructification efficiency between reciprocal crosses in Coffea canephora

• Published in: Acta agronomica (Palmira) 2024-03, Vol.72 (2), p.161-167
• Main Authors: Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava, Fonseca, Aymbiré Francisco Almeida da, Ferrão, Romário Gava, Volpi, Paulo Sérgio, Verdin Filho, Abrão Carlos, Rocha, Rodrigo Barros, Riva-Souza, Elaine Manelli
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cloning; Coffea canephora; Estimates; Fruit set; Genetic variability; Genotypes; Males; Pollen
• ISSN: 0120-2812; 2323-0118
• DOI: 10.15446/acag.v72n2.97817

This study aimed to assess and compare the behavior of superior genotypes of Coffea canephora in terms of fruiting capacity using directed hybridizations in a full diallel design with reciprocals. Hybridizations were performed using 12 possible combinations between genotypes 02, 03, 23 and 83 from the Incaper breeding program. High estimates of the genotypic coefficient of determination in terms of the total number of pinheads per cross (TNP) and fruit set (FS) indicated variability of genetic nature. FS averaged 52,27 %, ranging from 31,32 % to 82,09 %, with the higher rates relating to clone 23 as the male parent. Differences were found between reciprocal crosses in the combinations with genotype 23, which emerged as the donor plant with the best fruiting rate, but poor receiving ability. Clone 83 prevailed as the best receiving plant and the least effective donor. In the comparison of these two genotypes, antagonism was observed in their behavior when they were used as pollen-donor plants (male parents) and pollen-receiver plants (female parents), highlighting their possible maternal effect. Crosses involving clones 02 and 03 showed no differences when used reciprocally. The estimates of genotypic correlations were negative for the four associations involving the FS characteristic, being of greater magnitude with TNP. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar y comparar la eficiencia en la producción de frutos entre cruces recíprocos en Coffea canephora con el uso de hibridaciones controladas en un dialelo completo con diseño recíproco. Las hibridaciones se realizaron involucrando los genotipos 02, 03, 23 y 83 del programa de mejoramiento Incaper. Las estimaciones altas del coeficiente de determinación genotípica para el número total de frutos iniciados por cruzamiento (TNP) y la proporción de frutos (FS) indicaron una variabilidad de naturaleza genética. La FS promedio fue de 52,27 %, con un rango de 31,32 % a 82,09 %, siendo mayor con el clon 23 como progenitor masculino. Se encontraron diferencias entre cruces recíprocos en combinaciones con el genotipo 23, que se destacó como la planta donante con la mejor tasa en la producción de frutos, pero con habilidad receptora deficiente. El clon 83 se destacó como la mejor planta receptora y la peor donante. En la comparación de estos dos genotipos (23 y 83) se observó antagonismo en su comportamiento al ser utilizados como plantas donadoras de polen (progenitores masculinos) y plantas receptoras de polen (pro