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HCR-Net: a deep learning based script independent handwritten character recognition network
Handwritten character recognition (HCR) remains a challenging pattern recognition problem despite decades of research, and lacks research on script independent recognition techniques. This is mainly because of similar character structures, different handwriting styles, diverse scripts, handcrafted f...
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Published in: | Multimedia tools and applications 2024-02, Vol.83 (32), p.78433-78467 |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Handwritten character recognition (HCR) remains a challenging pattern recognition problem despite decades of research, and lacks research on script independent recognition techniques. This is mainly because of similar character structures, different handwriting styles, diverse scripts, handcrafted feature extraction techniques, unavailability of data and code, and the development of script-specific deep learning techniques. To address these limitations, we have proposed a script independent deep learning network for HCR research, called HCR-Net, that sets a new research direction for the field. HCR-Net is based on a novel transfer learning approach for HCR, which
partly utilizes
feature extraction layers of a pre-trained network. Due to transfer learning and image augmentation, HCR-Net provides faster and computationally efficient training, better performance and generalizations, and can work with small datasets. HCR-Net is extensively evaluated on 40 publicly available datasets of Bangla, Punjabi, Hindi, English, Swedish, Urdu, Farsi, Tibetan, Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu, Marathi, Nepali and Arabic languages, and established 26 new benchmark results while performed close to the best results in the rest cases. HCR-Net showed performance improvements up to 11% against the existing results and achieved a fast convergence rate showing up to 99% of final performance in the very first epoch. HCR-Net significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art transfer learning techniques and also reduced the number of trainable parameters by 34% as compared with the corresponding pre-trained network. To facilitate reproducibility and further advancements of HCR research, the complete code is publicly released at
https://github.com/jmdvinodjmd/HCR-Net
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ISSN: | 1573-7721 1380-7501 1573-7721 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11042-024-18655-5 |