Tranquilizing Racks in Desanding Facilities: State of the Art and Field Study on Flow Field Improvement by Rack Modification

• Published in: Journal of hydraulic engineering (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2024-11, Vol.150 (6)
• Main Authors: Kastinger, Maximilian, Felix, David, Marschall, Yannick, Albayrak, Ismail, Boes, Robert M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Case Studies; Case Study; Chambers; Energy distribution; Flow measurement; Flow resistance; Flow velocity; Fluid dynamics; Hydroelectric plants; Hydroelectric power; Hydroelectric power plants; Inlets; Kinetic energy; Racks; Sediment load; Settling; State-of-the-art reviews; Suspended load; Suspended sediments; Turbulence; Turbulence measurement; Turbulent flow; Velocity
• ISSN: 0733-9429; 1943-7900
• DOI: 10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13986

AbstractDesanding facilities (DFs) limit particle sizes and reduce the suspended sediment load in hydropower plants. Multiple successive tranquilizing racks (TRs) at settling chamber inlets are a cost-efficient structural measure to homogenize the flow and reduce local velocities and turbulence in the chambers. We summarized the state of the art of TRs and conducted detailed flow velocity measurements in the settling chambers of a DF with TRs. In the first campaign, a pronounced flow concentration beneath the vertical bars of the TRs was found, resulting in flow velocities along the invert of up to 3.5 times the average cross-sectional velocity. Because this impairs the trapping efficiency, the TR bars were extended downward to achieve a more even distribution of the flow resistance over the entire flow section. A subsequent measurement campaign confirmed a more homogeneous flow field and a considerable reduction of the turbulence intensities and turbulent kinetic energy, which were the lowest compared to six other DFs. The results highlight the potential to modify existing TRs at other DFs with inhomogeneous flow fields and the practical importance of TR design for new DFs. Practical ApplicationsIn hydropower plants (HPPs) with water intakes located at sediment-laden rivers, DFs are crucial for reducing the sediment load in the turbine water, consequently minimizing wear on the turbines. A DF usually consists of one or several chambers through which the water flows slowly, allowing sand particles to settle. However, for geometrical, hydraulic, and economic reasons, the flow at the chamber inlet is often not favorable for settling. In such situations, TRs can be installed to slow down and distribute the inflow more evenly. Because no general design guidelines for TRs are available, we reviewed the state of the art based on literature and present the field investigation of flow fields in a DF with TRs. We found an unfavorable flow concentration and modified the TRs to cover the whole flow section. This resulted in more favorable conditions for settling, also in comparison with other DFs. In DFs with inhomogeneous inflow conditions, suitably designed TRs enhance the trapping efficiency and contribute hence to the cost- and energy-efficient use of the hydropower potential at sediment-laden rivers.