Facile, eco‐friendly and sensitive fluorimetric approach for detection of chlorpromazine: Application in biological fluids and tablet formulations as well as greenness evaluation of the analytical method

• Published in: Luminescence (Chichester, England) England), 2024-09, Vol.39 (9), p.e4897-n/a
• Main Authors: Mostafa, Islam M., Mohamed, Abobakr A., Alahmadi, Yaser, Shehata, Ahmed M., Almikhlafi, Mohannad A., Omar, Mahmoud A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Antipsychotic Agents - blood; Antipsychotic Agents - chemistry; Antipsychotics; Biological activity; Biomonitoring; Bipolar disorder; Blood plasma; Chlorpromazine; Chlorpromazine - analysis; Chlorpromazine - blood; Detection limits; Drug Compounding; Drug development; Drugs; Electron transfer; Fluids; fluorimetric; Fluorometry - methods; Green Chemistry Technology; Humans; Limit of Detection; Mental disorders; Oxidoreductions; photoinduced electron transfer; plasma; Psychosis; Psychotropic drugs; Schizophrenia; Sensitivity analysis; Side effects; Spectrophotometry; tablet; Tablets - analysis; urine
• ISSN: 1522-7235; 1522-7243
• DOI: 10.1002/bio.4897

Monitoring antipsychotic drugs in biological fluids, such as human serum and urine, is important for ensuring the safety and efficacy of psychiatric treatments. This process helps maintain therapeutic drug levels, minimize side effects, and optimize patient well‐being. Chlorpromazine (CZ) is a widely prescribed antipsychotic drug used for conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and acute psychosis. Almost all existing sensing techniques for CZ are either insensitive spectrophotometric methods or involve long and complex chromatographic procedures, limiting their routine use. In this work, we introduce a facile, green, and sensitive fluorimetric strategy with high reproducibility for detecting CZ in its pure form, tablet formulation, and spiked human plasma and urine without the need for derivatization reactions. The proposed method relies on the inhibition of the intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect by using 2.0 M acetic acid. This approach enables the linear detection of CZ from 3.0 to 600 ng/mL with remarkably low quantitation and detection limits of 1.51 and 0.49 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, the developed method's greenness was evaluated. We introduce a facile, green, and sensitive fluorimetric strategy with high reproducibility for detecting CZ in its pure form, tablet formulation, and spiked human plasma and urine without the need for derivatization reactions. The proposed method relies on the inhibition of the intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect, achieved by acidifying the sample with 2.0 M acetic acid, which effectively blocks PET from the tertiary amino group's lone pair.