The Composition of Graded Dental Zirconias

Zirconia dental ceramics have evolved from uniform blocks of 3 mol.% yttria (3Y) to strength- and color-graded blocks containing 3 mol.% and 5 mol.% components. Relatively little is known about the graded materials’ compositions and microstructures. Concerns have been raised about aging and degradat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JOM (1989) 2024-10, Vol.76 (10), p.5735-5743
Main Authors: Maharishi, Anvita, Horkley, Kenny, Unruh, Daniel K., McLaren, Edward A., White, Shane N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advances in Biomaterials and Materials for Biomedical Applications
Aging
Aging (materials)
CAD/CAM
Chemistry/Food Science
Composition
Crack initiation
Crystal lattices
Dental crowns
Earth Sciences
Engineering
Environment
Grain size
Investigations
Machining
Materials selection
Metals
Microstructure
Physics
Porcelain
Scanning electron microscopy
Sintering
Teeth
X-ray fluorescence
Yttrium oxide
Zirconium dioxide
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Summary:Zirconia dental ceramics have evolved from uniform blocks of 3 mol.% yttria (3Y) to strength- and color-graded blocks containing 3 mol.% and 5 mol.% components. Relatively little is known about the graded materials’ compositions and microstructures. Concerns have been raised about aging and degradation. This study investigated the microstructure, elemental composition, and phase content of different zones of strength- and color-graded zirconia blocks using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray fluorescence, and x-ray diffraction. Specimens were made from green-state blocks using CAD/CAM machining and sintering. Two strength- and color-graded zirconia materials had different grain sizes, elemental compositions, and phase contents between their top and bottom zones, these data being internally consistent as well as being broadly consistent with prior compositional physical property data. A color-graded zirconia material did not exhibit substantial differences between its top and bottom zones, consistent with expectations and previously published data. Modeling phase content for complex yttria-doped zirconia crystal systems with multiple heterogeneous crystal lattices from XRD data was inherently difficult, which may account for the ranges among previously published data; authors should describe detailed methodologies. Detailed compositional data at the scale of the microstructure is needed to relate composition to phase content, physical behavior, including crack evolution.
ISSN:1047-4838
1543-1851
DOI:10.1007/s11837-024-06791-0