Development of a highly sensitive CNT-metal graphene hybrid nano-IDA electrochemical biosensor for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

• Published in: Biomaterials science 2024-10, Vol.12 (2), p.523-5214
• Main Authors: Rahman, M. Mahabubur, Sarkar, Bappa, Rahman, Md Tareq, Jin, Gyeong J, Uddin, M. Jalal, Bhuiyan, Nabil H, Shim, Joon S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Alzheimer Disease - blood; Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis; Alzheimer's disease; Aminophenol; Aminophenols - chemistry; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation; Biosensors; Blood circulation; Blood-brain barrier; Byproducts; Diagnosis; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemical Techniques - instrumentation; Electrodes; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Enzymes; Graphene; Graphite - chemistry; Humans; Limit of Detection; Nanotubes, Carbon - chemistry; Redox reactions; Sensors; Substrates; tau Proteins - analysis; tau Proteins - blood
• ISSN: 2047-4830; 2047-4849; 2047-4849
• DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00654b

The blood-based detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming challenging since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the direct circulation of AD molecules in the blood, thereby precluding the detection of AD at an early-stage. Herein, we report the development of a novel CNT-metal-porous graphene hybrid (CNT-MGH) nano-interdigitated array (n-IDA) electrochemical 8-well biosensor for the successful early-stage diagnosis of AD from blood. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has been used to fabricate the proposed CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor. Firstly, the electrochemical characterization ( i.e. , electrode gap, material composition, etc. ) of the proposed sensor was demonstrated by measuring p -aminophenol (PAP) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 picomole. Subsequently, the CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor was then used to diagnose AD via novel blood biomarkers p-Tau 217 and p-Tau 181 using an electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (e-ELISA) enzyme by-product PAP. During e-ELISA, the alkaline phosphatase enzyme (IgG-AP) tagged to the detection antibody produced an electroactive ELISA by-product PAP by reacting with the enzyme-substrate 4-aminophenyl phosphate (PAPP). Finally, the CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor was then used to measure the current generated by the redox reaction via the e-ELISA by-product PAP. While quantified, the proposed CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor successfully detected p-Tau 217 and p-Tau 181 proteins in blood with LODs of 0.16 pg ml −1 and 0.08 pg ml −1 , respectively. In this work, a novel CNT-metal-porous graphene hybrid nano-interdigitated array electrochemical 8-well biosensor has been developed for the successful early-stage diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from blood using e-ELISA enzyme by-product PAP.