The effects of bioconvection, non‐Fourier heat flux, and thermal radiations on Williamson nanofluids and Maxwell nanofluids transportation with prescribed thermal conditions

• Published in: Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 2024-09, Vol.104 (9), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Afzal, Saima, Siddique, Imran, Abdal, Sohaib, Hussain, Sajjad, Salimi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bioengineering; Biomedical engineering; Boundary conditions; Cooling systems; Dependent variables; Drug delivery systems; Fluid flow; Heat; Heat exchangers; Heat flux; Heat transfer; Heat transmission; Hyperthermia; Magnetic fields; Magnetic flux; Magnetic properties; Nanofluids; Partial differential equations; Porous media; Runge-Kutta method; Solar energy conversion; Temperature dependence; Thermal utilization; Thermophoresis
• ISSN: 0044-2267; 1521-4001
• DOI: 10.1002/zamm.202300255

The utilization of nanoentities in common fluids has opened new opportunities in the area of heat transportation. The rising requirements to enhance the efficiency of compact heat exchangers can be achieved by using various nanofluids. In this article, the thermal output of Maxwell and Williamson nanofluids transport over a prolonging sheet with bioconvection of self‐motivated organisms is scrutinized. A magnetic flux and the porous effects of a medium influence the flow of fluids. The fundamental principles for conservation of mass, concentration, momentum, and energy yield a nonlinear set of partial differential equations that can then be altered into ordinary differential form. A heat transfer flux is presented along with temperature boundary conditions, PST, and PHF (prescribed surface temperature and prescribed heat flux). The numerical results are acquired by executing the Runge–Kutta method with a shooting procedure in MATLAB coding. By fluctuating the inputs of influential variables of the dependent functions, a precise overview of the scheme is acquired. It can be seen that velocity decreases with the rising values of buoyancy ratio, magnetic force, Raleigh number, and porosity. Also, the temperature of the fluids begins to rise directly with the rising values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. The present study addresses bioconvection, non‐Fourier heat flow, and thermal radiations while combining the special properties of Williamson and Maxwell nanofluids. The field of biomedical engineering may benefit from this study, particularly with regard to therapies for hyperthermia and drug delivery systems. This study can be useful in cutting‐edge cooling systems, bioengineering, solar energy conversion and biotechnology.